Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Equine Granulosa Cell Tumours

Ellenberger, C.; Bartmann, C P; Hoppen, H. O.; Kratzsch, Jürgen; Aupperle, H.; Klug, E; Schoon, D.; Schoon, Heinz-Adolf

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.01.011

Cited by 38 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…; Ellenberger et al . ), metastasis is normally limited to the abdominal cavity but emboli have been reported in the thoracic and sublumbar lymph nodes and the lungs (Gift et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), at least one enlarged ovary (larger than 50 × 28 × 33 mm) (Knottenbelt and Pascoe ) and histopathological abnormalities consistent with GCT (Kennedy and Miller ; Ellenberger et al . ). The clinical decision to perform ovariectomy in all cases was based on the presence of enlargement of one or both ovaries, coupled with clinical signs consistent with GCT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases

Sherlock

Lott-Ellis

Bergren

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) is reported to be the most common ovarian neoplasm in the mare. A multicentre retrospective study evaluating the medical records of horses undergoing ovariectomy for treatment of a GCT was undertaken, documenting the presenting clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. Fifty‐two mares were included. Most presented with behavioural/reproductive abnormalities, including stallion‐like behaviour (50%), aggression (31%), prolonged oestrus or nymphomania (19%), and persistent anoestrus (8%). Most (93%) affected ovaries had a multilocular appearance when examined ultrasonographically. Only 60% of horses with histopathologically confirmed GCTs demonstrated elevations in serum inhibin concentrations. Twenty‐five percent of horses had histopathologically confirmed bilateral GCTs. Ninety‐four percent of horses that underwent ovariectomy were discharged from the hospital. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomies had a lower complication rate (34%) than other surgical methods. Long‐term complications were uncommon (11%). In conclusion, histopathologically confirmed GCTs can occur in the presence of normal serum inhibin concentrations. The high prevalence of bilateral GCTs indicates that thorough evaluation of the contralateral ovary is necessary. Surgical ovariectomy for treatment of GCTs has favourable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomy may be associated with a lower complication rate than other surgical methods.

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“…; Ellenberger et al . ), metastasis is normally limited to the abdominal cavity but emboli have been reported in the thoracic and sublumbar lymph nodes and the lungs (Gift et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases

Sherlock

Lott-Ellis

Bergren

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Levels of oestrone sulphate (conjugated oestrogen) in the non-pregnant mares were within the normal reference range, although the single mare demonstrating persistent oestrus did have the highest concentration, a tendency also observed with oestradiol 17β concentrations (Stabenfeldt and others 1979, Bailey and others 2002). Despite this, oestradiol levels in mares with a GCT are not usually elevated above the normal range for cycling mares, even in mares expressing continuous oestrus (McCue and others 2006), and no significant decline in serum oestradiol concentrations has been demonstrated postovariectomy (Stabenfeldt and others 1979, Ellenberger and others 2007). Oestrogens are converted from androgens by aromatisation within the granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicle with the cytochrome P-450 (aromatase) enzyme (Watson and Thomson 1996); however, mares with high concentrations of testosterone do not appear to have concomitantly high oestradiol concentrations (Stabenfeldt and others 1979), suggesting that aromatisation may be reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of seven cases of granulosa cell tumour of the equine ovary

Crabtree¹

2013

Vet Record Case Reports

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This paper reviews the equine granulosa cell tumour (GCT) and describes the clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome in seven cases of GCT in mares. Mares were presented with unilateral ovarian enlargement during the 2007 to 2010 breeding seasons. The mean (sd) age of the mares was 11.7 (5.96) years. Three mares were multiparous barren, three were nulliparous and one was primigravida. Behaviour at presentation was 57 per cent anoestrus, 28 per cent with stallion-like behaviour and 14 per cent with persistent oestrus. All mares had unilateral ovarian enlargement. Six non-pregnant mares had a small and inactive contralateral ovary; the pregnant mare had a single small corpus luteum on the contralateral ovary and was at three-and-a-half months' gestation. Enlarged ovaries measured 7 cm to an estimated 30 cm in diameter. 28 per cent had a multicystic ultrasound appearance, 57 per cent were dense structures and 14 per cent were of mixed appearance. Mean concentrations of progesterone were <1 ng/ml, oestrone sulphate 3.06 (2.32) ng/ml and testosterone 0.58 (0.64) nmol/l in non-pregnant mares. Inhibin was elevated in all non-pregnant cases at 7.6 (12.45) ng/ml. The pregnant mare had concentrations of progesterone 2.5 ng/ml, oestrone sulphate 81.0 ng/ml, testosterone 1.9 nmol/l and inhibin 1.31 ng/ml. Mares demonstrating stallion-like behaviour had a significantly higher (P<0.001) testosterone concentration (1.85 [0.07] nmol/l) than those that did not (0.34 [0.26] nmol/l). Three mares underwent unilateral ovariectomy and resumed cyclic ovarian activity within nine months of surgery.

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“…Immunohistochemical expression of inhibin a has been used for differentiation of these tumours in humans and dogs (McCluggage 2000;Riccardi et al 2007), and was validated to identify granulosa theca cell tumours in the horse (Ellenberger et al 2007). To differentiate primary ovarian tumours from epithelial tumours originating from other tissues other immunohistochemical markers are used, including cytokeratin 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%