Histology and chemical composition of the small bowel of hypophysectomized rats

Havivi, Y.; Havivi, E; Levitan, Ruven; Gamache, Albert H.

doi:10.1007/bf02232998

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results presented in this paper con firm previous works [Levin, 1969;Schapiro et al, 1970;Havivi et al; in that they demonstrate the existence of atrophy of the small intestine after hypophysectomy in the adult rat. They also bring to light further information: Atrophy not only causes a reduction of the absorbing villous area but also of the microvillous area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Indeed hypophysectomy causes atrophy of the mucosa [Havivi et al, 1968] although in the dog, this phenomenon has not been observed [Jacobson and Magnani, 1964], Functional studies are more discordant, especially concerning the absorption of sugars and lipids [Levin, 1969;Schapiro et al, 1970]. The enzyme activities are, however, reduced -this is true at least for alkaline phosphatase [Levin, 1969;Schapiro et al, 1970].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Histological Variations of Jejunal and Ileal Mucosa on Days 8 and 15 after Hypophysectomy in Rat: Morphometrical Analysis in Light and Electron Microscopy

Bastie¹,

Balas²,

Laval³

et al. 1982

Cells Tissues Organs

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Variations of the intestinal mucosa were studied in male adult Wistar rats on day 8 and day 15 after hypophysectomy. All results were compared with those obtained in pair-fed control rats. Morphological variations were observed at two intestinal levels (high part [hp] and low part [lp] of the jejunoileum) both with morphometrical analysis (villous area, microvillous area, enterocytes, goblet and Paneth cell number, mitotic index...), in light or electron microscopy and with histochemical techniques (proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids). Levels of the main intestinal hydrolysis were also measured by means of biochemical assays. Atrophy of the intestinal mucosa was confirmed, but atrophy produced not only a reduction of the villous area (hp = –30%p < 0.01, lp = –22%p < 0.05 on day 8, hp = –25 %p < 0.05 lp = –36% p < 0.01 on day 15) but also a significant decrease of the microvillous area (hp ≈ –39% p < 0.001, lp = –14% p < 0.05 on day 8, hp = –24% p < 0.02, lp = –30% p < 0.05 on day 15) in accordance with a significant decrease of brush border enzyme levels. The atrophy was generalized but concerned mainly the high part of the small intestine and could be attributed mostly to a significant decrease of glandular mitosis (hp = –57% p < 0.01, lp = –77% p < 0.001 on day 8, hp = –74% p < 0.01, lp = -75% p < 0.001 on day 15) without apparent modification of cell extrusion at the top of intestinal villi. Hypophysectomy affected the different cell types of the villous intestinal epithelium in different ways. Absorbing cells were the more reduced in number. Defects of maturation of goblet cells were noted. On the other hand, hypertrophy (p < 0.001) and hyperplasia (p < 0.001) of Paneth cells were observed with a significant decrease of the lytic activity. These apparent discrepancies can be attributed to important cytological variations and partial mucoid transformation of the secretory component of Paneth cells (observed both by histochemical and electron microscopic observation). Cytological variations after hypophysectomy seem to be induced early, since no significant differences could be observed between days 8 and 15 for most of the parameters tested. Direct or indirect (local relay) effect of pituitary function is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Histological Variations of Jejunal and Ileal Mucosa on Days 8 and 15 after Hypophysectomy in Rat: Morphometrical Analysis in Light and Electron Microscopy

Bastie¹,

Balas²,

Laval³

et al. 1982

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…For all these reasons, it seemed important to study further the effect of pituitary hormones on the gut; although the effects of hypophysectomy on normal intestine have been studied before [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], the influence of hypophysectomy on the adaptive response t o resection has not been tested previously. This paper describes studies of jejunal and ileal structure and function in normally-fed, hypophysectomized and pair-fed (to match the reduced food intake seen after removing the pituitary) rats and compares the changes in animals with an intact small bowel with those following jejunal or ileal resection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary hormones and the small bowel: effect of hypophysectomy on intestinal adaptation to small bowel resection in the rat*

Taylor

Murphy

Dowling

1979

Eur J Clin Investigation

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The influence of pituitary hormones on intestinal adaptation to small bowel resection was studied by examining jejunal and ileal structure and function in control and in sham-operated rats, and in animals with 50% proximal or distal resection which were divided into three main groups: normally-fed, hypophysectomized. and pair-fed. The pituitary was removed 2 weeks before intestinal surgery and gut structure and function were studied 4 weeks later. The effectiveness of hypophysectomy was confirmed by histological examination of the aspirated pituitary, and by showing a significant subsequent reduction in weight of the testes and adrenals. Food intake and body weight fell significantly after removing the pituitary; intestinal surgery caused a transient further decrease in food intake. Measurements of intestinal villus height and crypt depth, indices of mucosal mass (mucosal wet weight, protein and DNA content/cm intestine), measurements of mucosal alpha-glucosidase activity, and in vivo galactose absorption/unit length of intestine all showed comparable results. In rats with an intact intestine, resection resulted in mucosal hyperplasia and increased segmental absorption. Following hypophysectomy, there was marked mucosal hypoplasia and hypofunction which seemed to be due largely to associated hypophagia since comparable changes were found in the pair-fed, sham-operated rats. However following pituitary removal, both distal jejunum and proximal ileum retained their capacity to regenerate though the magnitude of this adaptive change was much greater in the resected, pair-fed rats suggesting that hypophagia alone cannot explain the diminished adaptation to resection after hypophysectomy. By inference, pituitary hormones do influence the adaptive response to resection.

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“…The effects of this endocrinopathy on intestinal functions have been recently reviewed in detail (Levin, 1969). In many species there is a striking atrophy of the intestinal mucous membrane both villous height and intestinal weight are reduced (Havivi, Havivi, and Levitan, 1968). It might be anticipated that a general depression of absorptive capacity would occur concomitant with this atrophy, if not due to the reduced efficiency of the transfer mechanisms of the mucosal cells per se then at least because of the reduction in their number.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The transmural electric potential as a parameter of the structural and functional integrity of the small intestine.

Levin¹

1969

Gut

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Histology and chemical composition of the small bowel of hypophysectomized rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Histological Variations of Jejunal and Ileal Mucosa on Days 8 and 15 after Hypophysectomy in Rat: Morphometrical Analysis in Light and Electron Microscopy

Histological Variations of Jejunal and Ileal Mucosa on Days 8 and 15 after Hypophysectomy in Rat: Morphometrical Analysis in Light and Electron Microscopy

Pituitary hormones and the small bowel: effect of hypophysectomy on intestinal adaptation to small bowel resection in the rat*

The transmural electric potential as a parameter of the structural and functional integrity of the small intestine.

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