Histological study on the chronology of the developing dentition in gorilla and orangutan

Beynon, A.D.; Dean, MC; Reid, Donald J.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330860208

Cited by 142 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…'S-shaped striae' as described and reported by Beynon et al (1991b) and Dean and Shellis (1998) for P. nyanzae, Proconsul heseloni, Pongo pygmaeus, and Hylobates (Symphalangus) syndactylus are not evident in either of the two A. turkanensis teeth examined. In addition, the SEM shows a few areas of aprismatic (prism-free) enamel, particularly in the outer cuspal enamel of KNM-WK 24300.…”

Section: Enamel and Dentine Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 57%

Enamel thickness, microstructure and development in Afropithecus turkanensis

Smith

Martin

Leakey

2003

Journal of Human Evolution

118

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Afropithecus turkanensis, a 17-17.5 million year old large-bodied hominoid from Kenya, has previously been reported to be the oldest known thick-enamelled Miocene ape. Most investigations of enamel thickness in Miocene apes have been limited to opportunistic or destructive studies of small samples. Recently, more comprehensive studies of enamel thickness and microstructure in Proconsul, Lufengpithecus, and Dryopithecus, as well as extant apes and fossil humans, have provided information on rates and patterns of dental development, including crown formation time, and have begun to provide a comparative context for interpretation of the evolution of these characters throughout the past 20 million years of hominoid evolution. In this study, enamel thickness and aspects of the enamel microstructure in two A. turkanensis second molars were quantified and provide insight into rates of enamel apposition, numbers of cells actively secreting enamel, and the time required to form regions of the crown. The average value for relative enamel thickness in the two molars is 21.4, which is a lower value than a previous analysis of this species, but which is still relatively thick compared to extant apes. This value is similar to those of several Miocene hominoids, a fossil hominid, and modern humans. Certain aspects of the enamel microstructure are similar to Proconsul nyanzae, Dryopithecus laietanus, Lufengpithecus lufengensis, Graecopithecus freybergi and Pongo pygmaeus, while other features differ from extant and fossil hominoids. Crown formation times for the two teeth are 2.4-2.6 years and 2.9-3.1 years respectively. These times are similar to a number of extant and fossil hominoids, some of which appear to show additional developmental similarities, including thick enamel. Although thick enamel may be formed through several developmental pathways, most Miocene hominoids and fossil hominids with relatively thick enamel are characterized by a relatively long period of cuspal enamel formation and a rapid rate of enamel secretion throughout the whole cusp, but a shorter total crown formation time than thinner-enamelled extant apes.

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Section: Enamel and Dentine Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 57%

Enamel thickness, microstructure and development in Afropithecus turkanensis

Smith

Martin

Leakey

2003

Journal of Human Evolution

118

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“…Whereas previous studies of both extant and extinct primate taxa have demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining ages at death using dental histology (13,17,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), and these have occasionally included the first molar, we propose that analyses of dental histology be extended specifically to individuals that died while the M1 was erupting in a variety of extant primate species, with the express purpose of providing more reliable ages at M1 emergence and therefore more accurate representation of the correlations between age at M1 emergence and the timing of life-history events for primates as a whole. This is the most practical method for developing an inventory of ages at M1 emergence from noncaptive individuals of many primate species.…”

Section: |mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental development and life history in living African and Asian apes

Kelley

Schwartz²

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Life-history inference is an important aim of paleoprimatology, but life histories cannot be discerned directly from the fossil record. Among extant primates, the timing of many life-history attributes is correlated with the age at emergence of the first permanent molar (M1), which can therefore serve as a means to directly compare the life histories of fossil and extant species. To date, M1 emergence ages exist for only a small fraction of extant primate species and consist primarily of data from captive individuals, which may show accelerated dental eruption compared with freeliving individuals. Data on M1 emergence ages in wild great apes exist for only a single chimpanzee individual, with data for gorillas and orangutans being anecdotal. This paucity of information limits our ability to make life-history inferences using the M1 emergence ages of extinct ape and hominin species. Here we report reliable ages at M1 emergence for the orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus (4.6 y), and the gorilla, Gorilla gorilla (3.8 y), obtained from the dental histology of wild-shot individuals in museum collections. These ages and the one reported age at M1 emergence in a free-living chimpanzee of approximately 4.0 y are highly concordant with the comparative life histories of these great apes. They are also consistent with the average age at M1 emergence in relation to the timing of life-history events in modern humans, thus confirming the utility of M1 emergence ages for life-history inference and providing a basis for making reliable life-history inferences for extinct apes and hominins. dental histology | great apes | tooth eruption | tooth growth

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“…In both, there is a progressive increase in the secretion rate from the inner enamel to the outer, a phenomenon that characterizes extinct and extant hominoids (e.g., Beynon et al, 1991Beynon et al, , 1998Reid et al, 1998;Kelley et al, 2001;Schwartz et al, 2001Schwartz et al, , 2003Dean and Schrenk, 2003;Smith et al, 2003a;Smith et al, 2007).…”

Section: Daily Rates Of Enamel Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molar crown formation in the Late Miocene Asian hominoids, Sivapithecus parvada and Sivapithecus indicus

Mahoney

Smith

Schwartz

et al. 2007

Journal of Human Evolution

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During the past decade, studies of enamel development have provided a broad temporal and geographic perspective on evolutionary developmental biology in Miocene hominoids. Here we report some of the first data for molar crown development in one hominoid genus, Sivapithecus. The data are compared to a range of extant and extinct hominoids.Crown formation times (CFTs), daily rates of enamel secretion (DSR), Retzius line number and periodicity, and relative enamel thickness (RET) were calculated in a mandibular first molar of Sivapithecus parvada and a maxillary first molar of Sivapithecus indicus from the Siwalik sequence of Pakistan. A CFT of 2.40 years for the protoconid of S. parvada and 2.25 years for the protocone of S. indicus lie within the range of first molar (M1) formation times for the majority of Miocene hominoids (1.96e2.40 years, excluding Proconsul heseloni), and are similar to an M 1 from Gorilla (2.31 years) and M 1 s from Pan (2.22e2.39 years). This is unlike the longer CFTs in modern humans, which appear to be linked with their extended growth period. In contrast to extant great apes and humans, daily rates of enamel secretion are rapid in the Sivapithecus M1s during the early stages of growth, which seems to be a common pattern for most Miocene apes. The rapid accumulation of cuspal enamel in the Sivapithecus molars produced thicker enamel than either Pan or Gorilla in a comparable period of time. Future studies on larger samples of living and fossil hominoids are needed to clarify trends in crown development, which may be better understood in the context of life history strategies coupled with good data on body mass and brain size.

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Histological study on the chronology of the developing dentition in gorilla and orangutan

Cited by 142 publications

References 19 publications

Enamel thickness, microstructure and development in Afropithecus turkanensis

Enamel thickness, microstructure and development in Afropithecus turkanensis

Dental development and life history in living African and Asian apes

Molar crown formation in the Late Miocene Asian hominoids, Sivapithecus parvada and Sivapithecus indicus

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