Histological Studies of Stressed Skin

Craik, J. E.; Mcneil, I.R.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-6701-5.50023-1

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In general terms, the observations of the effect of strain on dermal fibre arrangement confirmed those described by previous workers, notably those of the principal investigators (Craik & McNeil, 1965;Gibson, Kenedi & Craik, 1965). In response to progressive straining, fibres throughout the dermis straighten, reorientate towards the load direction, and become compacted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Previously, optical microscope studies of mechanically deformed skin were concerned with the sequence of changes occurring in the dermal fibre network in response to progressive straining (Lee, 1957;Craik & McNeil, 1965;Ridge & Wright, 1965), and with showing how these changes relate to the non-linear load-extension behaviour of human skin (Gibson, Kenedi & Craik, 1965;Ridge & Wright, 1965). A typical load-extension graph is shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin

Brown

2006

British Journal of Dermatology

131

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The effect of progressive extension on the structure of human skin has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Varying degrees of strain were imposed on abdominal skin specimens by a carefully controlled mechanical testing technique. Progressive straining has a two-stage effect on the epidermis: initial extension pulls it into a flat layer, and further extension elongates the cells. The dermal fibres reorientate, straighten, become aligned and compacted, in response to increasing strain. The onset of these changes varies through the thickness of the dermis. The efFects of strain on hair follicles, glands and fat cells are described. The structural deformations are related to the mechanical behaviour of the skin, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin

Brown

2006

British Journal of Dermatology

131

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“…With this histochemical method, relaxed native collagen fibers stained green, whereas damaged (e.g., stretched, condensed or degraded) collagen fibers stained red. 24 Collagen fibres of nonirradiated control AlloDerm were stained green, and with increasing gamma dosage, more collagen fibers stained red because gamma irradiation caused collagen damage and condensation [ Figure 6(A-D)]. The change of AlloDerm during fibroblast culture was used as an indicator of AlloDerm degradation.…”

Section: Tissue Degradation and Remodeling After Gamma Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of human acellular tissue matrix by gamma irradiation: Histology, biomechanical property, stability, in vitro cell repopulation, and remodeling

et al. 2007

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AlloDerm, a processed acellular human tissue matrix, is used in a number of surgical applications for tissue repair and regeneration. In the present work, AlloDerm serves as a model system for studying gamma radiation-induced changes in tissue structure and stability as well as the effect of such changes on the cell-matrix interactions, including cell repopulation and matrix remodeling. AlloDerm tissue matrix was treated with 2-30 kGy gamma irradiation at room temperature. Gamma irradiation reduced the swelling of tissue matrix upon rehydration and caused significant structural modifications, including collagen condensation and hole formation in collagen fibres. The tensile strength of AlloDerm increased at low gamma dose but decreased with increasing gamma dosage. The elasticity of irradiated AlloDerm was reduced significantly. Calorimetric study showed that gamma irradiation destabilized the tissue matrix, resulting in greater susceptibility to proteolytic enzyme degradation. Although gamma irradiation did not affect in vitro proliferation of fibroblast cells, it promoted tissue degradation upon cell repopulation and influenced synthesis and deposition of new collagen.

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“…Craik and McNeil (1965) were among the first researchers to histologically show the alignment of collagen fibers under mechanical loading of abdominal human skin. Subsequently, similar observations were made from images obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by Finlay (1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating material parameters of a structurally based constitutive relation for skin mechanics

Jor

Nash

Nielsen

et al. 2010

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

101

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This paper presents a structurally based modeling framework to characterize the structure-function relation in skin tissues, based upon biaxial tensile experiments performed in vitro on porcine skin. Equi-axial deformations were imposed by stretching circular skin specimens uniformly along twelve directions, and the resultant loads at the membrane attachment points were measured. Displacement fields at each deformation step were tracked using an image 2D cross-correlation technique. A modeling framework was developed to simulate the experiments, whereby measured forces were applied to finite element models that were created to represent the geometry and structure of the tissue samples. Parameters of a structurally based constitutive relation were then identified using nonlinear optimization. Results showed that the ground matrix stiffness ranged from 5 to 32 kPa, fiber orientation mean from 2 to 13(◦) from the torso midline, fiber undulation mean from 1.04 to 1.34 and collagen fiber stiffness from 48 to 366 MPa. It was concluded that the objective function was highly sensitive to the mean orientation and that a priori information about fiber orientation mean was important for the reliable identification of constitutive parameters.

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Histological Studies of Stressed Skin

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin

A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of uniaxial tension on human skin

Alterations of human acellular tissue matrix by gamma irradiation: Histology, biomechanical property, stability, in vitro cell repopulation, and remodeling

Estimating material parameters of a structurally based constitutive relation for skin mechanics

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