Histological evaluation of experimental porcine bruises

Barington, Kristiane; Skovgaard, Kerstin; Henriksen, Nicole Lind; Johansen, Anne Sofie Boyum; Jensen, Henrik Elvang

doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.134

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Especially, muscle parameters (neutrophils and macrophages, hemorrhage and necrosis) were high in bruises in area Nos. 3 and 4 ( Fig 6) (see Table 13 in Ref [17]). Gene expression data contributed less to the grouping of bruises at the four anatomical locations.…”

Section: Anatomical Location Of the Bruisementioning

confidence: 98%

“…evaluated by a second observer. Cohen's kappa or Cohens weighted kappa were calculated on each of the histological variables (see Table 15 in Ref [17].…”

Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on how to interpret PCA scores and loadings is presented elsewhere. 18 Additional descriptive statistics are presented in Ref [17]. Moreover, differences (odds ratios) in single histological variables between the objects (plastic tube or iron bar), sampling site, anatomical location and bruise age are presented in Ref [17].…”

Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the loadings (Fig. 4) and odds ratios (see Table 6 in Ref [17], samples from the center (B) of the bruises were generally characterized by higher scores in all histological parameters compared to samples from the ventral end of the bruise (C). A large variation was seen in the samples from the dorsal end (A) (Fig.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…plastic tube or iron bar, was found in the PCA plot. However, when looking at single histological variables hemorrhage together with high neutrophil score in the muscle tissue were more likely to be present if bruises were inflicted using an iron bar compared to a plastic tube (see Table 7 in Ref [17]). Moreover, a high neutrophil score in the dermis was more likely if bruises were inflicted using a plastic tube compared to an iron bar (see Table 7 in Ref [17]).…”

Section: Mass and Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The intensity of the inflammatory response in experimental porcine bruises depends on time, anatomical location and sampling site

Barington

Skovgaard

Henriksen

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The assessment of the age of bruises inflicted on livestock is an important component of veterinary forensic pathology investigations. However, the sampling site within a bruise, the anatomical location and the mass and speed of the object inflicting the blunt trauma might influence the intensity of the inflammatory reaction. In the present study, the variation of the inflammatory reaction within and along experimental porcine bruises was evaluated in order to determine the optimal sampling site. Moreover, we evaluated if a combination of histological characteristics and gene expression signatures was able to differentiate bruises according to anatomical location, age of bruises and the speed and mass of the object used to cause the impact. Twelve experimental slaughter pigs were anesthetized, and on each animal four blunt traumas were inflicted on the back using either a plastic tube or an iron bar, respectively. The pigs were euthanized at 2, 5 or 8 h after infliction. Following gross examination, skin and underlying muscle tissue were sampled from the center and both ends of bruises and evaluated histologically. Subcutaneous fat tissue from the center of the bruises was sampled for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate mRNA expression of 13 selected genes. Uninjured tissue was sampled from the right thigh of all pigs and served as control tissue. The amount of tissue damage and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in bruises depended on the sampling site within and along a bruise, the anatomical location and the age of the bruise. The optimal site for sampling, i.e. the most pronounced inflammatory reaction, was at the center of the bruises where the plastic tube or iron bar first struck the skin. Moreover, bruises inflicted in areas with a thin layer of subcutaneous fat tissue showed more damage and inflammation in the underlying muscle tissue compared to bruises inflicted in areas with a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat tissue. In addition, hemorrhage in the muscle tissue was more likely present when bruises were inflicted with an iron bar compared to a plastic tube. Combining histology and mRNA expression of the 13 genes showed that the age of bruises could be determined with a precision of ±2.04 h. Moreover, the age of bruises could be determined with a precision of ±1.84 h based solely on mRNA expression of a selection of four genes.

show abstract

Section: Anatomical Location Of the Bruisementioning

confidence: 98%

“…evaluated by a second observer. Cohen's kappa or Cohens weighted kappa were calculated on each of the histological variables (see Table 15 in Ref [17].…”

Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The intensity of the inflammatory response in experimental porcine bruises depends on time, anatomical location and sampling site

Barington

Skovgaard

Henriksen

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Optimising the sampling procedure for forensic investigation of bruises on pigs

Barington¹,

Skovgaard²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Record

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHuman-inflicted bruises on pigs are a violation of the law and affected tissue is regularly sent for forensic investigation. The authors aimed to evaluate the variation in inflammation within and between human-inflicted porcine bruises in order to determine the optimal sampling procedure.MethodsSkin and muscle tissues from the centre and ends of 21 bruises were evaluated histologically. Moreover, RNA was extracted from the subcutaneous fat tissue. The bruises were detected during meat inspection at the slaughter line, and all carcases were kept at 5°C for 12–24 hours before sampling.ResultsThe sampling site with the most infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages differed between bruises inflicted on the same pig and between bruises inflicted on more pigs within the same delivery. The extracted RNA had RIN (RNA integrity number) values from 3 to 6.5.ConclusionsTissue samples should always be taken from both skin and underlying muscle tissue. Samples should be collected from several sites along each bruise, and all bruises should be sampled in order to include the site of maximum tissue damage and inflammation. Moreover, RNA of sufficient quality for quantitative PCR and subsequent age estimation cannot be obtained from carcases kept for 12–24 hours at 5°C.

show abstract

Histological evaluation of experimental porcine bruises

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

The intensity of the inflammatory response in experimental porcine bruises depends on time, anatomical location and sampling site

The intensity of the inflammatory response in experimental porcine bruises depends on time, anatomical location and sampling site

Optimising the sampling procedure for forensic investigation of bruises on pigs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About