Histological Changes in Gills of Two Fish Species as Indicators of Water Quality in Jansen Lagoon (São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil)

Abstract

Water quality of the Jansen Lagoon (São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil) was assessed through histological biomarkers and microbiological parameters. To this end, 29 fish specimens (11 Centropomus undecimalis and 18 Sardinella sp) and eight water samples were collected during the rainy and dry periods of 2013. The lagoon water showed thermotolerant coliform indices above the limit set forth in CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. Histological changes observed in the gills were: lifting of the respiratory epithelium, hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium, incomplete and complete fusion of several lamellae, disorganization of the lamellae, congestion of blood vessels, aneurysms, hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, hemorrhage and rupture of the lamellar epithelium and parasite. The histological alteration index (HAI) average value to Sardinella sp was 31.8 and to C. undecimalis was 22.2. The average HAI value in both species corresponds to category 21–50, with tissue injuries being classified from moderate to severe. The presence of histological injuries and the HAI values indicate that the fish sampled from the Jansen Lagoon are reacting to non-specific xenobiotics present at the site.

Histopathological alterations in gills, liver, kidney and muscles of Ictalurus punctatus collected from pollutes areas of River

“…Uplifting of lamellae might be due to infiltration of fluid between epithelium and basement membrane which ultimately increase diffusion distance for gas exchange. These findings were also found to be in agreement with Santos et al (2014), Fernandes et al (2007) and Ezemonye and Ogbomida (2010). Similar anomalies were seen by Liebel et al (2013) in Oreochromis niloticus and Astyanax aff.…”

Biomarcadores histológicos em brânquias de Sciades herzbergii (Siluriformes, Ariidae) capturados no Complexo Estuarino de São Marcos, Maranhão

“…3). (Pereira et al, 2014;Santos et al, 2014;Carvalho-Neta et al, 2014). De acordo com Melo (2012), lesões como levantamento do epitélio, fusão lamelar e hiperplasia surgem como tentativas de defesa das brânquias quando expostas aos poluentes.…”

Zingiber officinale and Glycyrrhiza glabra , individually or in combination, reduce heavy metal accumulation and improve growth performance and immune status in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…Exposure to heavy metals has been shown to induce several histopathological changes in various fish tissues (Kaoud & El‐Dahshan, ). The quality of water was found to induce histopathological alterations in the gills which includes congestion of blood vessels and aneurysms (Santos et al, ). Therefore, the telangiectasis recorded in the gills of fish in the control group of the current study can be directly attributed to the poor quality of water.…”