Histological and microbiological aspects of the vagina in captive howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya)

Claver, Juan Alberto; Colillas, O. J.; Travi, Bruno L.

doi:10.1007/bf02382301

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Goodman and Wislocki [1935] and Dempsey [1939] observed in Ateles cyclic changes of the vaginal epithelium relative to the ovarian cycle and in Cebus, Hamlett [1939] described cornification of the upper layers of the vaginal epithelium during the follicular phase of the uterine cycle. No such changes were observed in our Alouatta, which is similar to the observations by Hertig et al [1976] who did not find vaginal cycles in Aotus and Claver et al [1984b] in A. caraya.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Observations on the female internal reproductive organs of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)

Veras

Marques

Miglino

et al. 2008

American J Primatol

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Alouatta guariba clamitans (brown howler monkey) is an endemic primate from the southeastern Brazil tropical forests, classified as near threatened by the IUCN Red List 2007. The genus Alouatta is one of the most difficult New World monkeys to breed and rear in captivity. In this study we examined the macroscopic and histological aspects of the female genital tract of wild brown howler monkeys to provide baseline information for future reproduction research. The anatomical relationship between the vagina, uterus, broad ligament, oviducts and ovaries are those of a typical primate reproductive tract. The fundic portion of the uterus is globoid, the cervix is well developed, which confers to the uterus an elongated shape, and the vagina is a long flattened channel. Histological analysis conducted in females in the follicular phase revealed large quantities of interstitial luteinized tissue in the ovaries, a stratified nonkeratinized vaginal epithelium, lack of glands in the vaginal mucosa and simple tubular endometrial glands. The observed anatomical features should be considered in the adaptation and application of assisted reproductive techniques aimed at improving captive reproduction for species conservation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Observations on the female internal reproductive organs of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)

Veras

Marques

Miglino

et al. 2008

American J Primatol

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“…prevailed in both gender and social organization. These findings are similar to the results from studies of women [21], adult female Alouatta caraya monkeys [4], and Old World monkeys, such as the Macaca mulatta [9], Macaca nemestrina [15], and P. hamadryas [24]. According to literature [28], coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci were often isolated from the heart, trachea, nasal cavity, abscesses, ascitic fluid, ocular discharges, fistulous tracts, and liver abscesses of owl monkeys exhibiting signs of clinical disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Qualitative analysis of preputial and vaginal bacterial microbiota in owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus) raised in captivity

Silva

Monteiro

Dias

et al. 2012

J of Medical Primatology

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Staphylococcus intermedius and Proteus mirabilis were the microorganisms that were most frequently identified according to gender and social organization. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated gram-positive bacteria was similar in both sexes. However, the gram-negative strains had some differences. The aerobic bacterial population of the vaginal and preputial microbiota is similar in owl monkeys, and there are no differences in the number and bacterial species according to sex and social organization.

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“…The predominance of CoNS was an expected finding, since previous reports on other nonhuman primates revealed that flora to be very similar to that found in human vaginas. S. epidermidis has been recovered from the vaginas of baboons [Skangalis et al, 1979], captive howler monkeys [Claver et al, 1984], rhesus monkeys [Doyle et al, 1991], and both live and postmortem marmosets [Hill et al, 1978]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus have been described as members of the normal vaginal flora of nonhuman primates, such as chimpanzees [Boncyk & Kalter, 1972], baboons [Skangalis et al, 1979], howler monkeys [Claver et al, 1984], rhesus monkeys [Doyle et al, 1991], and pig-tailed monkeys [Lichtenwalner et al, 2000]. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no studies of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antibiotic resistance inStaphylococci isolated from the vaginas of captive femaleLeontopithecus (Callitrichidae–Primates)

et al. 2006

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The purpose of this study was to provide current data on Staphylococcus species from the vaginas of clinically normal captive lion tamarins and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. Samples were collected from 25 adult lion tamarins, processed to isolate Staphylococcus species, and tested for susceptibility to penicillin G, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, and rifampicin. Isolates with the typical characteristics of the genus Staphylococcus were recovered from all 25 samples. Coagulase-negative species were the most common (68% of the isolates), and the most frequently isolated species (10 samples) was S. simulans. Other coagulase-negative species, including S. saprophyticus (n=5), S. epidermidis (n=1), and S. arlettae (n=1), were also recovered. Coagulase-positive Staphylococci were obtained from eight animals (six of from the S. aureus species and two from S. intermedius). Resistance to antibiotics was frequently observed, and 88% of the isolates (23 samples) showed resistance to at least one drug. Resistance to penicillin G was a common finding, and the most active antimicrobial agents were chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Coagulase-positive strains were more frequently resistant to antibiotics (79.7%, average=6.4 drugs) than coagulase-negative strains (38.2%, average=3.0 drugs). The high frequency of resistance observed in those isolates is surprising and very alarming. A detailed history of the use of antimicrobial drugs in these subjects did not reveal any previous exposure to any of the tested antibiotics that could justify the observed resistance rate.

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Histological and microbiological aspects of the vagina in captive howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya)

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Observations on the female internal reproductive organs of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)

Observations on the female internal reproductive organs of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)

Qualitative analysis of preputial and vaginal bacterial microbiota in owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus) raised in captivity

Antibiotic resistance inStaphylococci isolated from the vaginas of captive femaleLeontopithecus (Callitrichidae–Primates)

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