Experimental pathology

1989

DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(89)80119-7

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Histological and immunohistochemical findings in experimental rhabdomyosarcomas. Comparisons between original tumors, tumor recurrences and allotransplants in nude mice

Hartwig Kosmehl

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Cited by 9 publications

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“…However, little is known about the mechanism of tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Expression of Mdm2 and p53 has not been investigated in methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcomas, although expression of some differentiation markers such as vimentin, desmin, and myoglobin has been studied [9,26]. Thirty-four rhabdomyosarcomas were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in C3H/HeJ mice.…”

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Immunohistochemical Analysis for Mdm2 and p53 Proteins in Methylcholanthrene-Induced Mouse Rhabdomyosarcomas

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2006

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced mouse 10 embryonal (ERSs) and 24 pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas (PRSs) of the dermis were examined immunohistochemically for nuclear reactivity of Mdm2, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). ERSs were microscopically present in the rhabdium layer of the dermis from 10 to 13 weeks post injection (PI), and PRSs developed from 13 weeks PI. Moderate to marked Mdm2 reactivity was observed in each of the 10 ERSs, and 23 of the 24 PRSs. Moderate to marked p53 reactivity was observed in 5 of the 10 ERSs, and 19 of the 24 PRSs. p53 reactivity increased in PRSs compared with ERSs. The level of Mdm2 expression was significantly higher compared with p53 expression. Discordant Mdm2 overexpression was observed in 5 ERSs and 5 PRSs, and discordant p53 overexpression was observed in 1 PRSs, although co-overexpression of Mdm2 and p53 was observed in 5 ERSs and 18 PRSs. PCNA reactivity significantly increased in PRSs compared with ERSs. These results suggest that Mdm2 overexpression is an important pathogenic event in MC-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas, and its expression may be induced by p53-independent pathway. KEY WORDS: MC, Mdm2, mouse, p53, rhabdomyosarcoma.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68 (5): [427][428][429][430][431] 2006 The Mdm2 oncogene was first identified as an amplified gene on a murine double-minute chromosome in the 3T3DM cell line, a spontaneously transformed derivative of BALB/c 3T3 cells [3]. Mdm2 has been shown to interact with a group of cell cycle-related proteins, including the retinoblastoma protein [29], E2F1 and DP1 transcription factors [14], and transforming growth factor-beta [23]. Mdm2 overexpression is frequent in soft tissue and bone tumors in human beings [2,8,13,30] and dogs [16,22].The tumor suppressor gene p53 plays a key role in the control of the cell cycle, maintenance of genomic stability, and programmed cell death [12,27]. p53 mutations are common in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse tumors [4], and have been identified in several types of human neoplasms [18,21]. The Mdm2 protein directly binds to p53 protein and inhibits the transcriptional function of p53 protein and also targets it for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway [15,27].Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence. Recently, it has been reported that Mdm2 is expressed at low levels and does not show differences between subtypes of rhabdomyosarcomas of human beings [11,24,25]. However, little is known about the mechanism of tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Expression of Mdm2 and p53 has not been investigated in methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcomas, although expression of some differentiation markers such as vimentin, desmin, and myoglobin has been studied [9,26]. Thirty-four rhabdomyosarcomas were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in C3H/HeJ mice. In this study, we examined nuclear reactivity of Mdm2 and p53 proteins by immunohistochemistry in MC-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas, a...

“…However, little is known about the mechanism of tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Expression of Mdm2 and p53 has not been investigated in methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcomas, although expression of some differentiation markers such as vimentin, desmin, and myoglobin has been studied [9,26]. Thirty-four rhabdomyosarcomas were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in C3H/HeJ mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Analysis for Mdm2 and p53 Proteins in Methylcholanthrene-Induced Mouse Rhabdomyosarcomas

¹

2006

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced mouse 10 embryonal (ERSs) and 24 pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas (PRSs) of the dermis were examined immunohistochemically for nuclear reactivity of Mdm2, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). ERSs were microscopically present in the rhabdium layer of the dermis from 10 to 13 weeks post injection (PI), and PRSs developed from 13 weeks PI. Moderate to marked Mdm2 reactivity was observed in each of the 10 ERSs, and 23 of the 24 PRSs. Moderate to marked p53 reactivity was observed in 5 of the 10 ERSs, and 19 of the 24 PRSs. p53 reactivity increased in PRSs compared with ERSs. The level of Mdm2 expression was significantly higher compared with p53 expression. Discordant Mdm2 overexpression was observed in 5 ERSs and 5 PRSs, and discordant p53 overexpression was observed in 1 PRSs, although co-overexpression of Mdm2 and p53 was observed in 5 ERSs and 18 PRSs. PCNA reactivity significantly increased in PRSs compared with ERSs. These results suggest that Mdm2 overexpression is an important pathogenic event in MC-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas, and its expression may be induced by p53-independent pathway. KEY WORDS: MC, Mdm2, mouse, p53, rhabdomyosarcoma.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68 (5): [427][428][429][430][431] 2006 The Mdm2 oncogene was first identified as an amplified gene on a murine double-minute chromosome in the 3T3DM cell line, a spontaneously transformed derivative of BALB/c 3T3 cells [3]. Mdm2 has been shown to interact with a group of cell cycle-related proteins, including the retinoblastoma protein [29], E2F1 and DP1 transcription factors [14], and transforming growth factor-beta [23]. Mdm2 overexpression is frequent in soft tissue and bone tumors in human beings [2,8,13,30] and dogs [16,22].The tumor suppressor gene p53 plays a key role in the control of the cell cycle, maintenance of genomic stability, and programmed cell death [12,27]. p53 mutations are common in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse tumors [4], and have been identified in several types of human neoplasms [18,21]. The Mdm2 protein directly binds to p53 protein and inhibits the transcriptional function of p53 protein and also targets it for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway [15,27].Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence. Recently, it has been reported that Mdm2 is expressed at low levels and does not show differences between subtypes of rhabdomyosarcomas of human beings [11,24,25]. However, little is known about the mechanism of tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Expression of Mdm2 and p53 has not been investigated in methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcomas, although expression of some differentiation markers such as vimentin, desmin, and myoglobin has been studied [9,26]. Thirty-four rhabdomyosarcomas were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in C3H/HeJ mice. In this study, we examined nuclear reactivity of Mdm2 and p53 proteins by immunohistochemistry in MC-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas, a...

“…A chemical carcinogen, methylcholanthrene (MC) is widely used in mice and rats to analyse chemical carcinogenesis (DiGiovanni 1992). Expression of myogenin and p21 have not been investigated in MC‐induced rhabdomyosarcomas, although expression of some differentiation markers such as vimentin, desmin and myoglobin has been studied (Kosmehl et al. 1989; Vogel et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A chemical carcinogen, methylcholanthrene (MC) is widely used in mice and rats to analyse chemical carcinogenesis (DiGiovanni 1992). Expression of myogenin and p21 have not been investigated in MC-induced rhabdomyosarcomas, although expression of some differentiation markers such as vimentin, desmin and myoglobin has been studied (Kosmehl et al 1989;Vogel et al 1991). In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined nuclear expression of myogenin, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and myosin in 34 MC-induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas, and discussed relationships between expression of the proteins and histological subtype and myogenic differentiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical detection of myogenin and p21 in methylcholanthrene‐induced mouse rhabdomyosarcomas

¹

2006

Int J Experimental Path

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3-Methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced 10 embryonal (ERSs) and 24 pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas (PRSs) of the dermis in mouse were examined immunohistochemically for myogenin, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) nuclear reactivity and myosin reactivity. ERSs had higher expression of myogenin and p21 compared with that of myosin. PRSs were divided into two groups having high (moderate or marked reactivity; HLM) and low (mild reactivity; LLM) levels of myosin expression. Expression of p21 was higher in HLM-PRSs than in LLM-PRSs. Statistically significant association was observed between myosin and p21 expression in PRSs, but not between myosin and myogenin expression. Myogenin and p21 reactivity were observed in myoblast-like cells, but rarely in multinucleated cells. In ERSs, small undifferentiated myogenic precursor cells were also positive for p21. No difference of PCNA reactivity was observed between HLM-PRSs and LLM-PRSs, although its reactivity was higher in PRSs than in ERSs. The results suggest that myogenin is related to myoblast-like cell differentiation in PRSs and that p21 plays essential roles in myotube formation and myosin expression. In ERSs, p21 may be involved in inhibition of myogenic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation.

Experimental rhabdomyosarcoma with regions like malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)–a true double phenotypic pattern?

1990

The Journal of Pathology

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In murine sarcomas induced by 20-methylcholanthrene, histological features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) as well as rhabdomyosarcoma were found in the same tumour both at light microscopy and at ultrastructural level. The areas showing rhabdomyomatous differentiation expressed vimentin, desmin, muscle-specific alpha-actinin, and sometimes myoglobin, but in the MFH areas only vimentin was expressed. A series of allografts in athymic mice, using tumour areas of both histological types, showed in every case a mixed pattern of tumour growth, whether the transplanted tissue was of MFH or rhabdomyosarcomatous type. This suggests that the MFH areas in the original experimental sarcomas were modulated disguised rhabdomyosarcomas. The significance of MFH-like areas in non-related soft tissue sarcomas is also discussed.

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