Histological and Histometric Evaluation of the Liver in Astyanax Bimaculatus (Teleostei: Characidae), Exposed to Different Concentrations of an Organochlorine Insecticide
Abstract:To investigate possible morphological changes to the liver tissue of lambaris, Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), females were exposed to treatments of sublethal concentrations of the insecticide Thiodan V R for 96 hr. Treatments included three sublethal concentrations of 1.15, 2.3, and 5.6 lg L 21 of Thiodan V R and a control group without insecticide. The action of Thiodan V R at sublethal concentrations did not affect the morphological structure of the liver as a whole, but changes in isolated locations… Show more
“…Vacuoles were visible in the hepatocytes of the pre-extruded groups (NE, TE). These vacuoles may indicate accumulation of glycogen or fat in the hepatocytes prompted by the algae incorporation in the feeds, as noted in previous studies [74,75]. A study revealed that the vacuoles in the liver of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) disappeared after 90 days of feeding of the macroalga, Ulva ohnoi [76].…”
New sustainable feed ingredients are a necessity for the salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we examined the effect of pre-extrusion processing of two microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp., on the growth, fatty acid content in the flesh and health of Atlantic salmon. The fish were fed one of the following five diets for nine weeks: (1) CO: a fish meal-based control (basal) diet, (2) NU: a Nannochloropsis diet, (3) NE: a pre-extruded Nannochloropsis diet, (4) TU: a Tetraselmis diet, and (5) TE: a pre-extruded Tetraselmis diet. The algae-incorporated diets contained 30% of the respective microalgae. Our results showed that the best growth performance was achieved by the CO diet, followed by the NE diets. Feeding of unprocessed Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis resulted in a significant reduction in enterocyte vacuolization compared to the CO feeding. A significant effect of processing was noted in the fillet fatty acid content, the intestine and liver structure and the expression of selected genes in the liver. The expression of antioxidant genes in both the liver and intestine, and the accumulation of different fatty acids in the fillet and liver of the extruded algae-fed groups, warrants further investigation. In conclusion, based on the short-term study, 30% inclusion of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp. can be considered in Atlantic salmon feeds.
“…Vacuoles were visible in the hepatocytes of the pre-extruded groups (NE, TE). These vacuoles may indicate accumulation of glycogen or fat in the hepatocytes prompted by the algae incorporation in the feeds, as noted in previous studies [74,75]. A study revealed that the vacuoles in the liver of juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) disappeared after 90 days of feeding of the macroalga, Ulva ohnoi [76].…”
New sustainable feed ingredients are a necessity for the salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we examined the effect of pre-extrusion processing of two microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp., on the growth, fatty acid content in the flesh and health of Atlantic salmon. The fish were fed one of the following five diets for nine weeks: (1) CO: a fish meal-based control (basal) diet, (2) NU: a Nannochloropsis diet, (3) NE: a pre-extruded Nannochloropsis diet, (4) TU: a Tetraselmis diet, and (5) TE: a pre-extruded Tetraselmis diet. The algae-incorporated diets contained 30% of the respective microalgae. Our results showed that the best growth performance was achieved by the CO diet, followed by the NE diets. Feeding of unprocessed Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis resulted in a significant reduction in enterocyte vacuolization compared to the CO feeding. A significant effect of processing was noted in the fillet fatty acid content, the intestine and liver structure and the expression of selected genes in the liver. The expression of antioxidant genes in both the liver and intestine, and the accumulation of different fatty acids in the fillet and liver of the extruded algae-fed groups, warrants further investigation. In conclusion, based on the short-term study, 30% inclusion of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp. can be considered in Atlantic salmon feeds.
“…Among the species that have been studied in this subject, we can highlight the histology of the liver of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818), the tigerfish Hydrocynus forskahlii (Cuvier, 1819), the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), the goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869) (Ostaszewska et al, 2016). However, information on liver tissues in tropical freshwater systems are scarce (e.g., Bombonato, Rochel, Vicentini, & Vicentini, 2007;Faccioli, Chedid, Bombonato, Vicentini, & Vicentini, 2014;Marcon, Bazzoli, Mounteer, & Benjamin, 2015). As most of Brazilian freshwater systems are undergoing increasing pollution, especially eutrophication, there is a need for studies on this subject on eutrophic systems.…”
We described liver tissues of the long-whiskered catfish Pimelodus maculatus using histological techniques through structures stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A total of 21 adult individuals were collected using gill nets during the winter of 2012, in a eutrophic reservoir in Southeastern Brazil. The main aim was to characterize the tissues and eventual changes, since this organ has a notable sensitivity to changes in altered aquatic systems. The liver contains the exocrine pancreas (hepatopancreas) that have pancreatic cells arranged around a branch of the portal vein. The hepatocytes are diffuse and arranged in cords. Normal liver of P. maculatus have a continuous compact field of weakly eosinophilic, rounded hepatocytes with scattered islands of connective tissue that enclose the bile ducts and blood vessels. The organization of exocrine pancreatic tissues is similar to the acinar morphology of many teleosts. Histopathological alterations in liver were evaluated semi-quantitatively and based on the severity of the lesions. The alterations in each organ were classified in progressive stages of damage to the tissue. Six types of liver alterations were found: 1) cytoplasmic vacuolization; 2) congestion; 3) inflammatory infiltrated; 4) infiltration of adipocytes; 5) steatosis; 6) granuloma. Incidence of melanomacrophage centers were observed in the liver. However, we cannot directly associate such changes with the eutrophic conditions of the reservoir, because we have no available reference area to compare. These findings are a baseline contribution, which enables comparisons with similar fish species in other tropical aquatic systems in further studies.
“…Revisions have considered many of the 88 genera (620 species) of Characidae as "Incertaesedis", with 86 species belonging to the genus Astyanax (LIMA et al, 2003). Several papers have reported the importance of lambari to the trophic structure of Brazilian ecosystems and their reproductive behavior in the face of environmental change (PRADO et al, 2011;MARCON et al, 2015a). Lambari is of great importance to the equilibrium of the ecosystems where they occur, namely rivers of South and Central America, and they are well represented in such ecosystems in Brazilian (CARVALHO et al, 2009;WEBER et al, 2013).…”
Section: Lambarimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Counts for each section were done in 10 randomly selected fields for each animal in both groups using a microscope equipped with a micrometer reticle (1 mm) in a 10X objective. Granulocytes associated with atretic follicles were also counted in 10 randomly selected fields using a microscope with a 40X objective (MARCON et al, 2015a).…”
Lambari, Astyanax bimaculatus, is an oviparous, multiple-spawning fish that is reproductively active throughout the year, which makes it promising for cultivation and research. This research histologically evaluates the ovaries of lambari that have undergone artificial spawning induced with pituitary extract (control group), and the effect of growth hormone at a dose of 2 mg/g body weight (treatment group) on the subsequent process of ovarian recovery. Ovaries of fish in both the control and treatments groups were collected at 120 hours after spawning and analyzed using optical microscopy to characterize the average quantities of: follicles in different stages of development, post-ovulatory follicles, follicular atresia and granulocytes. Quantity and morphology of early and advanced primary follicles did not differ between the treatment and control groups; an important and necessary factor for ovarian recovery for subsequent spawning. There was a greater amount of granulocytes in initial atresia in the group treated with growth hormone. These results demonstrated that the administration of growth hormone may potentiate the process of ovarian recovery after induced spawning.RESUMO: O Lambari Astyanax bimaculatus é um peixe ovíparo de desova múltipla que é reprodutivamente ativo durante todo o ano, o que o torna promissor para cultivo e pesquisa. Este trabalho avalia histologicamente os ovários de lambaris submetidos à desova artificial, induzida pelo extrato hipofisário (grupo controle) e o efeito do hormônio de crescimento na concentração de 2 μg/g de massa corporal (grupo tratamento) no subsequente processo de recuperação ovariana. Os ovários dos peixes dos grupos controle e tratamento foram coletados às 120 horas após a desova e analisados em microscopia óptica para caracterizar as quantidades médias de: folículos em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, folículos pós-ovulatórios, atresia folicular e granulócitos. A quantidade e a morfologia dos folículos primários iniciais e avançados não diferiram entre os grupos tratamento e controle; um fator importante e necessário para a recuperação dos ovários para posterior desova. Houve maior quantidade de granulócitos na atresia inicial no grupo tratado com hormônio de crescimento. Esses resultados demonstram que a administração do hormônio do crescimento pode potencializar o processo de recuperação ovariana após a desova induzida. Palavras-chave: atresia, granulócitos, folículos pós-ovulatórios, peixes de água doce.
ANIMAL PRODUCTIONAsterisks indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between the control (n=55) and treatment (n=55) group (10 randomly selected fields for 10 sections for each animal).Growth hormone on ovarian morphology of lambaris (Astyanax bimaculatus) after induced spawning.
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