Histological and electrophysiological analysis of the corticospinal pathway to forelimb motoneurons in common marmosets

Kondo, Takahiro; Yoshihara, Yamato; Yoshino-Saito, Kimika; Sekiguchi, Tomofumi; Kosugi, Akito; Miyazaki, Y.; Nishimura, Yukio; Okano, Hirotaka James; Nakamura, Masaya; Okano, Hideyuki; Isa, Tadashi; Ushiba, Junichi

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.05.001

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Findings in rhesus monkeys were replicated in marmoset monkeys where 11% of M1 CST fibers descended ipsilaterally through the dorsolateral funiculus and terminated in laminae VII–VIII [42]. These studies suggest that ipsilateral M1 may partake in the control of proximal and potentially distal muscles.…”

Section: Icst In Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, a significant ipsilateral response was predominantly recorded in proximal or truncal muscles upon stimulation of SMA [44, 45], and, occasionally, M1 [43]. In vivo cortical stimulation studies performed in rhesus [24] and marmoset monkeys [42] showed that ipsilateral M1 projections are not monosynaptic. Although the lack of monosynaptic connection is not unanticipated given that the majority of contralateral fibers also do not monosynaptically connect to motor neurons, the presence of polysynaptic connections does not rule out the involvement of the contralateral hemisphere or contralateral brainstem nuclei upon stimulation of ipsilateral cortical regions.…”

Section: Icst In Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on Ipsilateral Corticospinal Projections: Implication for Motor Recovery

Alawieh

Tomlinson

Adkins

et al. 2017

Transl. Stroke Res.

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Motor impairment is the most common complication after stroke, and recovery of motor function has been shown to be dependent on the extent of lesion in the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (iCST) and activity within ipsilesional primary and secondary motor cortices. However, work from neuroimaging research has suggested a role of the contralesional hemisphere in promoting recovery after stroke potentially through the ipsilateral uncrossed CST fibers descending to ipsilateral spinal segments. These ipsilateral fibers, sometimes referred to as “latent” projections, are thought to contribute to motor recovery independent of the crossed CST. The aim of this paper is to evaluate using cumulative evidence from animal models and human patients on whether an uncrossed CST component is present in mammals and conserved through primates and humans, and whether iCST fibers have a functional role in hemiparetic/hemiplegic human conditions. This review highlights that an ipsilateral uncrossed CST exists in human during development, but the evidence on a functionally relevant iCST component in adult humans is still elusive. In addition, this review argues that whereas activity within the ipsilesional cortex is essential for enhancing motor recovery after stroke, the role of iCST projections specifically is still controversial. Finally, conclusions from current literature emphasize the importance of activity in the ipsilesional cortex and the integrity of crossed CST fibers as major determinants of motor recovery after brain injury.

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Section: Icst In Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Icst In Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on Ipsilateral Corticospinal Projections: Implication for Motor Recovery

Alawieh

Tomlinson

Adkins

et al. 2017

Transl. Stroke Res.

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“…), and it is generally thought that they lack direct cortico‐motoneuronal projections to distal hand muscles (Lemon & Griffiths, ; Kondo et al . ; Walker et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical control of object‐specific grasp relies on adjustments of both activity and effective connectivity: a common marmoset study

Tia

Takemi

Kosugi

et al. 2017

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points The cortical mechanisms of grasping have been extensively studied in macaques and humans; here, we investigated whether common marmosets could rely on similar mechanisms despite strong differences in hand morphology and grip diversity.We recorded electrocorticographic activity over the sensorimotor cortex of two common marmosets during the execution of different grip types, which allowed us to study cortical activity (power spectrum) and physiologically inferred connectivity (phase‐slope index).Analyses were performed in beta (16–35 Hz) and gamma (75–100 Hz) frequency bands and our results showed that beta power varied depending on grip type, whereas gamma power displayed clear epoch‐related modulation.Strength and direction of inter‐area connectivity varied depending on grip type and epoch.These findings suggest that fundamental control mechanisms are conserved across primates and, in future research, marmosets could represent an adequate model to investigate primate brain mechanisms. AbstractThe cortical mechanisms of grasping have been extensively studied in macaques and humans. Here, we investigated whether common marmosets could rely on similar mechanisms despite striking differences in manual dexterity. Two common marmosets were trained to grasp‐and‐pull three objects eliciting different hand configurations: whole‐hand, finger and scissor grips. The animals were then chronically implanted with 64‐channel electrocorticogram arrays positioned over the left premotor, primary motor and somatosensory cortex. Power spectra, reflecting predominantly cortical activity, and phase‐slope index, reflecting the direction of information flux, were studied in beta (16–35 Hz) and gamma (75–100 Hz) bands. Differences related to grip type, epoch (reach, grasp) and cortical area were statistically assessed. Results showed that whole‐hand and scissor grips triggered stronger beta desynchronization than finger grip. Task epochs clearly modulated gamma power, especially for finger and scissor grips. Considering effective connectivity, finger and scissor grips evoked stronger outflow from primary motor to premotor cortex, whereas whole‐hand grip displayed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that fundamental control mechanisms, relying on adjustments of cortical activity and connectivity, are conserved across primates. Consistently, marmosets could represent a good model to investigate primate brain mechanisms.

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“…Dark grey cortical fields represent those areas in which cells projecting to M1 were found in any of the cases described by Burman et al, , b. Brachial spinal segments illustrated with motor pools colored according to their corresponding upper limb musculature as described by Watson et al (), see text for details. Inset: Illustration of BDA labeling at C7 after injection in M1 as in Kondo et al (). [Color figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Current and Comparative Understanding Of The Marmoset Motor mentioning

confidence: 99%

The marmoset as a model system for studying voluntary motor control

Walker

MacLean

Hatsopoulos

2016

Developmental Neurobiology

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The common marmoset has recently gained interest as an animal model for systems and behavioral neuroscience. This is due in part to the advent of transgenic marmosets, which affords the possibility of combining genetic manipulations with physiological recording and behavioral monitoring to study neural systems. In this review, they will argue that the marmoset provides a unique opportunity to study the neural basis of voluntary motor control from an integrative perspective. First, as an intermediate animal model, the marmoset represents an important bridge in motor system function between other primates, including humans, and rodents. Second, due to the marmoset's small brain size and lissencephalic cortex, novel electrophysiological and optical recording technologies will allow an integrative study of cortical function at multiple spatial scales beyond that afforded by other non-human primate models. Finally, as a primate expressing an ancestral state of corticospinal organization, the marmoset offers the possibility of understanding the integrative function of cortical and spinal interneuron circuitry in isolation of more recent corticomotoneuronal elaborations. If the potential of the marmoset as a model species is to be realized, they will need to learn to work with their natural behavioral repertoire. They have concluded by considering practical aspects of studying motor systems with marmosets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 273-285, 2017.

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Histological and electrophysiological analysis of the corticospinal pathway to forelimb motoneurons in common marmosets

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on Ipsilateral Corticospinal Projections: Implication for Motor Recovery

Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on Ipsilateral Corticospinal Projections: Implication for Motor Recovery

Cortical control of object‐specific grasp relies on adjustments of both activity and effective connectivity: a common marmoset study

The marmoset as a model system for studying voluntary motor control

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