Histological and bacteriological changes in intestine of beluga (Huso huso) following ex vivo exposure to bacterial strains

Abstract

In the present study the intestinal sac method (ex vivo) was used to evaluate the interactions between lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of beluga (Huso huso). The distal intestine (DI) of beluga was exposed ex vivo to Staphylococcus aureus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum. Histological changes following bacterial exposure were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Control samples and samples exposed only to Leu. mesenteroides and a combination of Leu. mesenteroides and Staph. aureus, had a similar appearance to intact intestinal mucosal epithelium, with no signs of cellular damage. However, exposure of the DI to Staph. aureus and L. plantarum resulted in damaged epithelial cells and disorganized microvilli. Furthermore, 16S rDNA PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to investigate the adherent microbiota of distal beluga intestine. Several bacterial species were identified by DGGE in the present study that have not previously been identified in beluga.

Histo-Architectural Changes in the Selected Tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) Juveniles Reared in Inland Ground Saline Water (IGSW) fed with Graded Levels of Potassium (K+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) through Feed

“…Regarding the good growth of carp larvae fed Artemia or phosphatidylcholine-enriched diets (Geurden et al, 1998), result showed the decrease of enterocyte height was not due to underfeeding conditions, and it might be because of active lipid absorption with diffuse appearance. Salma et al, (2011) reported about the histological changes in intestine of beluga (Husohuso) by exposure of two different bacterial strains. Similarly in the current experiment, alterations were observed in the height of epithelial cells.…”

Effects of oxidized konjac glucomannan on the intestinal microbial flora and intestinal morphology of Schizothorax prenanti

“…Hence, we can infer that OKGM doses up to 2000 mg/kg influence the flora of the entire intestine similar to the effects of the 8000 mg/kg dose group. PCR-DGGE was used to analyze the intestinal flora, similar to previous reports (Yang et al 2007;Bjornsdottir et al 2009;Hermannsdottir et al 2009;Salma et al 2011;Kim and Kim 2013). Cultivation-based methods detected Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., Janthinobacterium sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Photobacterium phosphoreum, whereas the direct DNA extraction approach found Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactococcus sp., P. phosphoreum, and Bacillus sp.…”

Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

“…The result of LAB exposure to the intestine is of high importance as translocation and cell damage have been proposed as important criteria when evaluating the use of probiotics in endothermic animals as well as in fish [16,17]. Recently, the effect of ex vivo LAB exposure on the gut microbiota in fish was documented [13][14][15], but to the authors' knowledge the effect of prebiotic supplementation and ex vivo LAB exposure of the fish intestine has not been investigated.…”

“…The ex vivo intestinal sack method has been used in several studies to evaluate possible histological changes in the fish intestine after exposure to high levels of LAB [9,11,[13][14][15]. The result of LAB exposure to the intestine is of high importance as translocation and cell damage have been proposed as important criteria when evaluating the use of probiotics in endothermic animals as well as in fish [16,17].…”

“…Furthermore, as the EU has recommend reductions of in vivo experiments and the numbers of animals used in experiments (Revision of the EU directive for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes [Directive 86/609/EEC]; 8 th of September 2010), attempts have been made to use alternative ex vivo methods (e.g. the Ussing chamber, everted sack and intestinal sack methods) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”