Histological analysis of two biomaterials after socket preservation – Preliminary histological findings

Abstract

Background : Following tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge undergoes dimensional changes. Various biomaterials are used to reduce alveolar ridge volume loss following tooth extraction by stimulating new bone formation. Maxresorb ® inject (Botiss Biomaterials GmbH, Germany) is a biphasic material composed of a water-based gel with 60% HA and 40% β-TCP. BioOss ® (Geistlich Pharma AG, Switzerland) is a porous bone mineral matrix which is produced by removing all organic components from bovine bone. Aim/Hypothesis : This study aimed to examine the regenerative potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (Maxresorb ® inject), by assessing histological results of bone biopsy collected from healing sockets and comparing them to inorganic bovine bone (BioOss ®), after a healing period of 6 months. Materials and Methods : The study is designed as a randomized controlled, two-phase study. In the first phase, 30 patients that qualified for participation in the research were divided randomly into 2 groups of 15 individuals. The bone substitute materials were implanted in extraction sockets after teeth removal. The first group underwent tooth extractions and socket augmentation with Maxresorb ® inject. In the other group socket preservation was performed using BioOss ®. In both groups, the sockets were covered by native collagen membrane. After 6 months of healing, biopsy was harvested prior to implant placement for histological analysis. Histological sections were examined under the light microscope. Results : Preliminary results-The preliminary histological analysis revealed remaining BCP particles in intimate contact with the newly formed bone in the case of Maxresorb ® inject. Histological specimens of BioOss ® observed under light microscope also showed incorporation of the hydroxyapatite particles into the newly mineralized bone. In both materials, there were no histological signs of tissue inflammation. Furthermore, both materials exhibited easy handling and patients had no complications during healing period. Conclusions and Clinical Implications : Although a small number of patients were treated, along with the preliminary nature of this study, histological findings indicate osteoconductive properties of both materials included in this study. However, additional research is required to obtain histological and clinical features of Maxresorb ® inject and BioOss ® regarding their osteoconductive properties.