Histologic study of bone-forming capacity on polydeoxyribonucleotide combined with demineralized dentin matrix

Abstract

BackgroundThis study examined the osteoinductive activity of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) from human and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) for nude mice.MethodsTwenty healthy nude mice, weighing about 15~20 g, were used for the study. DDM from human and PDRN were prepared and implanted subcutaneously into the dorsal portion of the nude mice. The nude mice were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after grafting and evaluated histologically by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. The specimens were also evaluated via a histomorphometric study.ResultsThe DDM and PDRN induced new bone, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in soft tissues. The histological findings showed bone-forming cells like osteoblasts and fibroblasts at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. New bone formation was observed in the histomorphometric study. In particular, the ratio of new bone formation was the highest at 2 weeks compared with the first week and fourth week.ConclusionsIn this study, we showed that the PDRN used in this experimental model was able to induce bone regeneration when combined to the DDM.

Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) From Skin to Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration via Adenosine A2A Receptor Involvement

“…Studies on musculoskeletal tissue regeneration were conducted on: (1) bone tissue, one in vitro on osteoblasts (OBs) (Guizzardi et al, ), two in vivo in rat bone defects and subcutaneous pockets (Guizzardi et al, ; Kim et al, ) and one in patients affected by ischiofemoral impingement syndrome (IFI) (Kim et al, ); (2) cartilage tissue, one in vitro on cartilage explants (Gennero et al, ), two in patients affected by knee OA (Vanelli et al, ; Giarratana et al, ) and one both in vitro, on chondrocytes from patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in vivo in mice affected by arthritis (CIA) (Bitto et al, ); (3) tendon tissue in patients affected by plantar fasciitis (Kim and Chung, ).…”

“…In rats with tibiae bone defects, the combination of PDRNs and deproteinated porcine cortical bone (HDB), employed to fill the defects, increased bone ingrowth and repair more than when these were used separately (Guizzardi et al, ). In addition, human demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) in a PDRN solution induced new bone formation in subcutaneous pockets performed on the dorsum of nude mice after 4 weeks from implantation (Kim et al, ).…”

“…PDRNs, at a concentration of 100 μg/ml in the culture medium, increased OB proliferation and ALP activity in vitro (Guizzardi et al, ). Likewise, in animal models of bone defects or in mouse subcutaneous dorsal pockets, PDRNs, in the form of gels or solution, improved bone regeneration and new bone formation and reduced inflammatory infiltration and cell apoptosis (Guizzardi et al, ; Kim et al, ). It is noteworthy that all in vivo studies employed PDRNs associated with some inducing‐bone materials, such as HDB or DDM.…”

“…In this respect, the importance of Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) in cell growth has been observed since the 90s. PDRNs, produced by high temperature extractive processes from proteins, are a mixture of purines, pyrimidines, deoxyribonucleotides, and deoxyribonucleosides with different lengths, ranging from 50 to 2000 base pairs (Kim et al, ). They have a natural origin (from human placenta or trout sperm) with a trophic activity, and more than 95% is composed by low molecular weight DNA without proteins.…”

Sodium-DNA for Bone Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rat Calvaria

“…In this way, purinergic receptors seem to be partially involved in the rapid proliferation, new bone formation, and a reduction of bone healing time, as confirmed after treatments with specific purinergic receptor inhibitors [ 9 , 13 , 18 , 28 ]. PDRN effect on bone regeneration was also demonstrated in an experimental study on rats and mice, in which the effect of PDRN used alone or in association with other materials was reported [ 30 , 31 ].…”