A 2-year-old Caucasian boy was reported healthy for his first year of life. During his second year, he developed croup on a recurrent basis, requiring steroids almost monthly. During a hospital admission for croup, he was discovered to have a white blood cell (WBC) count of 46 000 and was transferred to our children's hospital. He had WBC count of 23 000/µL, with 52% neutrophils (11 960/µL), 1% bands (230/µL), 26% monocytes (5980/µL), 17% lymphocytes (3910/µL), 2% metamyelocytes (460/µL), 1% basophils (230/µL), and 1% blasts (230/µL). He had anemia (Hb 7.6 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (platelets 44 000/µL), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed mild splenomegaly. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated dyserythropoiesis with hypogranulation and decreased megakaryocytes, suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome (Figure 1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies were negative. Hematopathology revealed that he may have transient acquired myelodysplasia due to excessive steroid use and anemia secondary to excessive intake of cow's milk. He was treated with intravenous iron.
Hospital CourseFour weeks later, he developed fever and rash, initially noted on his right foot and then spreading to his hands, soles of feet, trunk, back, and ears (Figure 2). They started as 1 to 3 cm wide, tender red/purple papular lesions which progressed into black ulcerated lesions with some associated edema. His hands and feet also became progressively edematous. Pediatric hematology oncology, rheumatology, pulmonology, otolaryngology,