Histologic evaluation of the diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves of horses without clinical signs of laminitis

Kawasako, Kazufumi; Higashi, Takafumi; Nakaji, Yoshihiro; Komine, Misa; Hirayama, K.; Matsuda, Kazuya; Okamoto, Minoru; Hashimoto, H.; Tagami, Masaaki; Tsunoda, Nobuo; Taniyama, Hiroyuki

doi:10.2460/ajvr.70.2.186

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The relative numbers of mitotic figures were not reported for CHO overload-induced laminitis, precluding a direct comparison. Hyperplasia has also been described as a variation in the lamellae of nonlaminitic Thoroughbred horses, although mitotic figures were not reported (Kawasako et al 2009). Increased and/or abnormal mitotic figures are commonly used as a marker of proliferative activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of insulin‐induced laminitis in ponies

Asplin

Patterson-Kane

Sillence

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of insulin‐induced laminitis in ponies

Asplin

Patterson-Kane

Sillence

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…2007). Selection of control subjects was not based solely on histopathology, given that it is not uncommon for clinically normal horses to have mild or focal lesions on the sensitive lamellae (Kawasako et al . 2009) and, conversely, mild or focal histopathological changes alone may not justify a diagnosis of laminitis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased expression of p63, a regulator of epidermal stem cells, in the chronic laminitic equine hoof

Carter

Engiles

Megee

et al. 2011

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Abnormal epidermal stem cell regulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of equine chronic laminitis. Objective: To analyse the involvement of p63, a regulator of epidermal stem cell proliferative potential, in chronic laminitis. Methods: Epidermal tissues from skin, coronet and lamellae of the dorsal foot were harvested from 5 horses with chronic laminitis and 5 control horses. Tissues were analysed using histopathology, immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative immunoblotting Results: Hoof lamellae of laminitic horses had a lower frequency of p63 positive cells than control lamellae, particularly in the distal region. Quantitative immunoblotting confirmed reduced p63 expression in the laminitic distal lamellar region. The decreased p63 expression in laminitic epidermal lamellae was most apparent in the abaxial region adjacent to the hoof wall and highly associated with the formation of terminally differentiated, dysplastic and hyperkeratotic epidermis in this region, whereas lamellae from control horses maintained high p63 expression throughout the axial-abaxial axis. Conclusions: Expression of p63 in equine skin resembles that reported in other species, including man and rodents, suggesting that p63 can serve as a marker for the proliferative potential of equine epidermal stem cells. p63 expression was significantly lower in the chronic laminitic hoof than in that of control horses, suggesting laminitic hoof epithelium has more limited proliferative potential with a shift towards differentiation. This may reflect reduced activity of epidermal stem cells in laminitic hoof. It is proposed that p63 contributes to the maintenance of hoof lamellae and that misregulation of p63 expression may lead to epidermal dysplasia during lamellar wedge formation. Potential relevance: This study suggests that loss of epidermal stem cells contributes to the pathogenesis of equine laminitis.

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“…Research directed towards understanding the functional architecture of the laminae suggests that the structure may be altered with environmental stresses, even without overt disease [9][10][11][12]20]. Hoof wall tubules along the dorsal wall have also been examined and are considered to serve a primarily mechanical role [1,5,7,8,14,16,19], although the details of mechanical function remain unclear at this time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Equine Hoof Wall Tubule Density and Morphology

Lancaster

Bowker

Mauer

2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Density and morphologic features of hoof wall tubules in horses' hooves are described. The sample population consisted of hooves (n=12) from both live and deceased adult horses. Full wall thicknesses of the hoof wall were prepared histologically from sites at the toe, medial quarter and lateral quarter. In defined areas, tubules were counted, and density was calculated across the three histologically defined areas of the stratum externum, stratum medium and stratum internum along with the descriptive morphologic features of the tubules. Morphologically, distinct zones were demarcated by varying tubular cortical and medullary characteristics. Tubule density showed a radially increasing pattern across the wall thickness. Significant regional differences in density were found in the toe, lateral and medial walls. These findings represent a first study of regional differences of tubular densities. Hoof horn clippings from live feet may have potential diagnostic and/or prognostic value.

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Histologic evaluation of the diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves of horses without clinical signs of laminitis

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Histopathology of insulin‐induced laminitis in ponies

Histopathology of insulin‐induced laminitis in ponies

Decreased expression of p63, a regulator of epidermal stem cells, in the chronic laminitic equine hoof

Equine Hoof Wall Tubule Density and Morphology

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