Histologic Evaluation of Human Alveolar Sockets Treated With an Artificial Bone Substitute Material

Abstract

This study involved a histologic, enzyme histologic, immunohistologic, and three-dimensional microstructure evaluating the extent of osteogenesis and repair in the human alveolar extraction socket achievable with an artificial bone substitute. After tooth extraction in 7 patients, extraction sockets were filled with Mastergraft (15% hydroxyapatite, 85% β-tricalcium phosphate complex). Radio-micrographs and histologic examinations were performed on samples obtained during dental implant placement procedure. On micro– computed tomography, new bone was observed in all collected samples, and osteogenesis was observed to have taken place around the artificial bone substitute. Histologically, active osteogenesis was found throughout the region observed. Addition of new bone around the Mastergraft was observed, and osteoblast-like cells were present. Cells that had partially invaded the artificial bone included tartrate-resistant acid phosphate–positive and CD34-positive cells. These findings indicate that the Mastergraft artificial bone induced osteogenesis in the jawbone and seemed effective for repairing bone defects.

d-amino Acid Inhibits Biofilm but not New Bone Formation in an Ovine Model

“…However, the low-viscosity + D-AAs group showed bone volume/total volume of 28.3% ± 15.4%. The lower amount of ceramic (40 versus 45 weight %) in the low-viscosity + D-AAs group may account for the increased variability as new bone was observed to be growing predominantly during the ceramic phase, which is consistent with a previous study investigating osteoconductive ceramics [52]. to 100 mmol/L [41].…”

“…In a large-animal pilot study, D-AAs were delivered locally through a settable low-viscosity bone graft composite composed of MASTERGRAFT 1 ceramic Mini Granules (85% hydroxyapatite/15% beta-tricalcium phosphate; Medtronic, Memphis, TN, USA), a lysine triisocyanate-poly(ethylene glycol) prepolymer, a polyester triol, and a tertiary amine catalyst. MASTERGRAFT 1 is an osteoconductive ceramic reported to promote new bone formation in orthopaedic, dental, and spine applications [47,52]. Low-viscosity grafts were augmented with 0 or 200 mmol/L D-AAs (a dose shown to promote antibiofilm activity in contaminated defects in rats [41]) and injected in ovine femoral condyle defects.…”

Autologously Generated Tissue-Engineered Bone Flaps for Reconstruction of Large Mandibular Defects in an Ovine Model

“…This corroborates with other in vivo studies, which have noted the continued presence of this SG with some degradation over a similar time scale. 23,28 As these particular SG particles are composed of 85% beta-tricalcium phosphate and 15% hydroxyapatite, it is possible there was some early resorption as this biphasic material is more readily degradable than pure hydroxyapatite graft. 21 The release of calcium and phosphates from this degradation may aid osteoconduction and osteoinduction, 24 resulting in the bone formation seen in these results.…”

“…21,22 For example, biphasic ceramic synthetic graft (SG) materials can be composed of different ratios of beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite and have shown efficacy in the repair of craniofacial bone. 23,24 Therefore, in this feasibility study, tissue chambers were filled with different ratios of synthetic graft particles (85% beta-tricalcium phosphate/15% hydroxyapatite) to morcellized rib autograft and implanted against the periosteum of sheep rib. These tissue chambers were harvested after 9 weeks of growth and evaluated by microcomputed tomography (mCT) and histology to determine the effect of initial synthetic graft incorporation on the quantity and quality of tissue growth.…”

Clinical and Histological Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix in a Collagen Carrier for Socket Preservation in Humans

“…However, studies like this are valuable as they often are the first line of clinical evidence. Based on the limited amount of comparable research literature using a composite of HAb-TCP, 19,20 it is reasonable to consider that the present technique of immediately grafting extraction sockets with ceramic matrix in a putty-like collagen carrier is relatively new. And given the success rate of the placed dental implants, a ceramic matrix in a putty-like collagen carrier can be a good option if an artificial graft material is the clinician's modality of choice.…”