Histochemistry of mucopolysaccharides in brain tumors

Arseni, C; Carp, N; Mestes, E; Adel, M

doi:10.1007/bf00686378

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The formation of hyaluronate-containing cell coats is consistent with previous reports of hyaluronic acid synthesis in rat and human glioma lines in vitro (24)(25)(26). In addition, there is histochemical evidence for the existence of mucosubstances in tumor biopsy specimen of both intracranial gliomas and optic nerve gliomas (27)(28)(29)(30). Thus it seems very likely that the in vitro phenomenon will be relevent to in vivo tumor biology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural features of the lymphocyte-stimulated halos produced by human glioma-derived cells in vitro

Oberc-Greenwood¹,

Muul²,

Gately³

et al. 1986

J Neuro-Oncol

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Many glioma-derived cell lines have the capability of escaping cell-mediated immune attack. One mechanism of escape is the secretion of a hyaluronidase-sensitive mucopolysaccharide coat by these cells. This coat prevents contact and tumor cell killing by specific cytolytic allogeneic lymphocytes. The production of the coat by the tumor cells is stimulated by a macromolecular factor released by peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells in culture. We have examined the morphologic and ultrastructural features of this extracellular matrix. Three coat-producing lines were studied. Under phase contrast light microscopy, the coat is a clear pericellular 'halo'. To stain this zone, ruthenium red and Alcian Blue 8 G stains, which bind to acid mucopolysaccharides (to a large extent, hyaluronic acid), were used. The two stains produced similar results. With light microscopy, a weblike pattern of stain was evident throughout the halo region. With transmission electron microscopy, staining was found along the plasma membrane of the glioma cells and their microvilli, stretching in long, branching filaments from these surfaces and, in some instances, from one microvillus to the next. Since mucopolysaccharide matrices have a large aqueous component, it was necessary to determine whether dehydration alters the stain pattern. Therefore, undehydrated ruthenium red stained specimens from each culture were embedded in Quetal 651 (Ted Pella, Inc., Tustin, CA), a water soluble plastic. No morphologic differences were noted between the hydrated and dehydrated specimens. This study indicates that numerous long microvilli and a secreted mucopolysaccharide matrix are important structural elements of the lymphocyte-stimulated tumor cell halo in vitro. The mechanism by which the PBMC factor stimulates coat formation and the importance of the coat in in vivo tumor defenses remain to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural features of the lymphocyte-stimulated halos produced by human glioma-derived cells in vitro

Oberc-Greenwood¹,

Muul²,

Gately³

et al. 1986

J Neuro-Oncol

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“…Histochemical studies (Anderson & Spencer, 1970;Arseni et al, 1967) of optic nerve glioma show the presence of intercellular muco-substance which stains with colloidal iron, is PAS positive and mucicarmine negative, and may or may not be digested by hyaluronidase (Anderson & Spencer, 1970;Porterfield, 1962). However, the exact chemical nature of this substance is unknown.…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumors of the optic nerve

1976

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This is a review of primary and secondary tumors of the optic nerve. The emphasis is an optic nerve gliomas and meningiomas. Optic nerve gliomas are slowly growing astrocytic neoplasms of the anterior visual pathways, the majority of which occur within the first two decades of life, with equal sex incidence in about 1 of 200,000 patients presenting with eye complaints. The incidence is greater in neurofibromatosis. The typical presentation is visual impairment in a verbal pre-school child with optic canal enlargement and optic atrophy. An intraorbital location of the tumor leads to axial, irreducible, non-pulsatile proptosis. An intracranial location may disturb hypothalamic and pituitary function and produce hydrocephalus. Ocular findings may also include limited motility on a mechanical-restrictive basis, a pupillary relative afferent defect, nystagmus, and variable, non-specific visual field defects. Roentgenographic studies may show concentric unilateral enlargement of the optic canal with preservation of a well corticated margin, a fossa under the anterior clinoid process in continuity with the optic canal ('J'-shaped sella), and findings of increased intracranial pressure. On pathologic examination the tumor is a smooth, fusiform, intradural enlargement of the optic nerve. Histologically there is proliferation of elongated (pilocytic) astrocytes in reticulated patterns with intervening microcystic spaces containing mucosubstance and surrounding reactive hyperplasia of the arachnoid. Mitoses are not found. The diagnosis is clinical X-ray studies and brain scan should be performed. The differential diagnosis is that of unilateral proptosis in a child and includes acute ethmoiditis, hyperthyrobidism, craniostenosis, other neoplasms, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and orbital hemorrhage due to trauma. Surgical resection is performed in cases with unilateral optic nerve involvement, the surgical approach being determined by tumor location. Bilateral or chiasmal cases are treated with radiotherapy when progression occurs. Malignant optic nerve gliomas and optic nerve hyperplasia are also discussed. Optic nerve meningiomas arise from the nerve sheath and are to be distinguished from orbital meningiomas arising from ectopic arachnoidal cells or those secondarily involving the orbit by extension from adjacent sites. Up to 80% of orbital meningiomas occur in females, in two age peaks, 25% in the first decade, and the rest in the 5th decade. Meningiomas present with visual loss and may produce proptosis, papilledema and/or optic atrophy, retinal striae, opticociliary shunts, limitation of extra-ocular movements, and lid edema, Signs of von Recklinghausen's disease should be sought. X-rays are the mainstay of diagnosis. Orbital meningiomas are composed of cells in sheets or in whorls with some spindle shaped cells. Calcifications are typical. Usually the dura is penetrated and the orbit invaded. Primary orbital meningiomas are locally infiltrating but do not metastasize. Complete local excision en bloc is recommended...

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“…In vivo, the pattern of GAGs of malignant tumors is different from the pattern of the corresponding normal tissue (4). Only a few studies are available on cerebral tumors (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In experimental brain tumors, obtained by transplacental ENU, alcianophilia due to GAGs was attributed to the oligodendroglial component and was observed to decrease with the cell dedifferentiation (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and histochemical evaluation of glycosaminoglycans in brain tumors induced in rats by nitrosourea derivatives

et al. 1983

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The occurrence, distribution and concentration of GAGs in ENU and MNU experimental brain tumors induced in the rat are reported. GAGs have been histochemically studied by Alcian Blue methods; they have been quantified and qualitatively evaluated by electrophoresis of brain extracts. The pattern of GAGs in normal rats is consistent with the data of the literature. No GAG accumulation precedes the tumor development. Early neoplastic proliferations, oligodendroglial and mixed glial microtumors are strongly alcian-positive; the alcianophilia spares clusters of cells developing a cytoplasm. In large tumors, GAGs are histochemically demonstrable in the honey-comb areas of oligodendrogliomas and in peripheral infiltration areas of polymorphic gliomas. The role of the normal nervous tissue and oligodendroglial cells in the accumulation of the GAGs is discussed. The accumulated GAGs seem to rise from the nervous tissue included in the tumors, rather than from the metabolism of tumor cells.

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Histochemistry of mucopolysaccharides in brain tumors

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Ultrastructural features of the lymphocyte-stimulated halos produced by human glioma-derived cells in vitro

Ultrastructural features of the lymphocyte-stimulated halos produced by human glioma-derived cells in vitro

Tumors of the optic nerve

Biochemical and histochemical evaluation of glycosaminoglycans in brain tumors induced in rats by nitrosourea derivatives

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