Histochemistry of carbohydrates as performed by physical development procedures

Abstract

The histochemistry of carbohydrates demonstrated by means of physical development procedures has been reviewed in terms of the use and reliability of the procedures, physical developers, practice of the procedures, a fundamental series of light and electron microscopic methods and certain other promising aspects of this area of histochemistry. A line of fundamental light- and electron-microscopic histochemical methods for carbohydrates using physical development procedures such as periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein-physical development (PA-TCH-SP-PD), high- or low-iron diamine (HID or LID)-TCH-SP-PD and lectin-gold (LT-G)-PD and related methods has been found to be more efficient, compared with those without physical development procedures. Since a series of other promising histochemical methods for carbohydrates using physical development procedures have been derived or are now being introduced, these procedures could be regarded as an unusually potent vehicle for effectively advancing carbohydrate histochemistry in both light and electron microscopy.

The Use of Periodic Acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver Protein-physical Development (PA-TCH-SP-PD) Procedure for the Histochemical Detection of Neutral Carbohydrates in the Circumventricular Organs of the Rat

“…For the detection of neutral carbohydrates in light microscopy, the PAS method has hitherto been employed widely (McManus, 1948;Lillie and Fullmer, 1976;Pearse, 1985). As mentioned in the introductory remarks of this article, however, the sensitivity of Schiff's reagent for PA-engendered dialdehydes has been postulated to be limited in the PAS method (Stoward and Mester,_ 1964;Yamada, 1993). To overcome such a limitation, a PA-TCH-SP-PD procedure has been developed and established by Nakamura et al (1985).…”

“…To overcome such a limitation, a PA-TCH-SP-PD procedure has been developed and established by Nakamura et al (1985). This method can be regarded as being useful and reliable, since it is high in sensitivity and excellent in discrimination of microscopical images (Nakamura et al, 1985;Yamada, 1993).…”

Effectiveness of Isoprothiolane in Preventing Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows

“…LR-White (London Resin Company Ltd, Berkshire, England) was used as the embedding medium. We used periodic acidthiocarbohydrazide-silver protein-physical development (PA-TCH-SP-PD) staining, which reacts with glycosaminoglycans in the basal lamina [17]. The thickness of the basement membrane underlying the sinusoidal endothelium was measured by TEM for each sample [16].…”

Applications of Lectins and Neoglycoconjugates in Histology and Pathology

“…Basic reagents commonly used included Alcian blue, azure A, and other thiazines such as thionin and toluidine blue, aldehyde fuchsin and iron diamines [Spicer and Schulte, 1992;Yamada, 1993;Schumacher and Adam, 1994]. These conventional methods alone [Bremer, 1987;Gilks et al, 1988;Boer and Kits, 1990;Chieffi-Baccari et al, 1990;Gonzalez de Canales et al, 1992;Saint-Girons and Zylberberg, 1992] or in combination with lectins [Danguy andGenten, 1989, 1990;Genten and Danguy, 1990a-c;Castells et al, 1991;Getchell and Mellert, 1991;Sharma and Schumacher, 1992;Uhr et al, 1993] have successfully been employed as reported in the given selection of recent papers of glycan histochemistry.…”