Histochemical studies on the retina

Lillie, R. D.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091120302

Cited by 46 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The possibility that it is due to the strong reducing properties of SH groups (1), that are abundant in the outer segment and ellipsoid (10,18), was ruled out by treating the tissue with p-chloromercuribenzoate prior to fixation. Since it is known that ethylenic linkages are abundant in the outer segment, as can be demonstrated with the performic acid-Schiff reaction (7), it remains to be proven if the reducing substances are of lipide nature. However, in view of the fact that these linkages are not found in the ellipsoid (7), this explanation seems dubious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since it is known that ethylenic linkages are abundant in the outer segment, as can be demonstrated with the performic acid-Schiff reaction (7), it remains to be proven if the reducing substances are of lipide nature. However, in view of the fact that these linkages are not found in the ellipsoid (7), this explanation seems dubious. Compare the difference in size and shape of this CC with that of the rod cell ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submicroscopic Organization of Retinal Cones of the Rabbit

Robertis¹,

Lasansky²

1958

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The fine structure of the cone cell of the rabbit is described and compared wtih that of the rod. The cone outer segment consists of a pile of flattened sacs with two membranes 30 A thick and a regular clear space in between of about 30 A. The membrane of the rod sacs is slightly thicker (~-~40 A) and the clear space is less regular and frequently absent in the deeper regions. The distance between sacs is from 85 to 95 A in the cone and from 110 to 120 A in the rod, and the total repeating period is about 190 A and 210 A, respectively. These results are discussed in relation to the concentration of solids in both photoreceptors.A connecting cilium was observed in the cone cell and compared with that previously described in rods (4). This finding suggests that morphogenetically the cone may also result of the differentiation of a primitive cilium (5).The inner segment of the cone shows a distal portion with large concentration of elongated mitochondria and a proximal one with a large Golgi complex in the axis surrounded by components of the endoplasmic retieulum. It is concluded that both photoreceptors have a similar general plan of submicroscopic organization, with some minor difference in fine structure probably related to their specific chemical composition and function.Recent studies on the submicroscopic morphology of photoreceptors (2, 4-6, 8, 11-14, 19, 20) refer mainly to the rod cells, while very little has been published on the structure of the cones (12,14). This may be due to the fact that in mammalian retinas there are fewer cones in relation to rods and the cone outer segment is extremely fragile and difficult to observe in good conditions of preservation. Sj6strand (12) described the outer segment of the cone in the perch as made up of many superimposed discs, which he interpreted as formed by single membranes. This was at variance with his finding of "double membrane discs" in the rod outer segment. However, in a more recent publication (14) he describes the cone outer segment of the toad as having a structure similar to that of the rod, although of different dimensions. The synaptic region of the cone with the complex relationship of the enlarged ending and the bipolar *

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicroscopic Organization of Retinal Cones of the Rabbit

Robertis¹,

Lasansky²

1958

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…SHORT HISTORY The IPM was described by Henle (1855) as a carbohydrate rich compartment. With the use of mostly cationic dyes such as Alcian blue and colloidal iron, it was seen that the compartment was fibrous and rich in mucopolysaccharides (among others: Day, 1950;Lillie, 1952;Ocumpaugh and Young, 1966;Sidman, 1958;Wislocki and Sidman, 1954;Zimmerman, 1958;Zimmerman and Eastham, 1959). Electron microscopic characterization of the extracellular material was performed by Rohlich (19701, who named it interphotoreceptor matrix, and also by Feeney (1973a,b) and Yamada (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interphotoreceptor matrix, a space in sight

Mieziewska

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) has in recent years been receiving much attention due to its delicate localization between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The IPM is a resilient, structure forming and hydrophilic matrix composed of large glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which occupies the subretinal space between the photoreceptors. The IPM is most likely assembled with components synthesized by all the surrounding cell types: the photoreceptor cells, the RPE cells, and the Müller cells. It has been implied to be involved in the development and maintenance of photoreceptors, and as a major factor in retinal adhesion. Therefore, it has been thoroughly studied also in several models of photoreceptor degeneration. Comparative studies have revealed some remarkably consistent features between different species, such as the presence of the rod and cone specific matrix domains. Studies made in the IPM of several species have measured large fluctuations in ion concentrations as a result of changes in illumination. In some species, these ionic fluctuations coincide with the intriguing dynamic redistributions of IPM constituents that can be visualized with histochemical techniques. It can be hypothesized that because of the intensive biochemical activity and the frequent changes in metabolic states of rods and cones the IPM may act as a kind of "buffer." These studies have brought a new extracellular aspect to photoreceptor studies and a new perspective to photoreceptor-RPE research.

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“…As suggested above, this implies that 12 represents a material that either does not have enough density to be detected in the OsO4-fixed structure (and chromium adds it) or that remains alcoholsoluble after OsO4 fixation and, therefore, is absent in the picture. Lillie has shown that in the rod outer segments of the guinea pig retina there are two lipid fractions (15). One of them is highly resistant to extraction with organic solvents and seems to be a galactolipid which is strongly bound to the protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Microscopy of Retinal Photoreceptors

Lasansky¹,

Robertis²

1960

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The fine structure of the cone and rod outer segments of the toad was studied under the electron microscope after fixation in osmium tetroxlde and fixation in formaldehyde followed by chromation. In the OsO4-fixed specimens, the rod outer segment appears to be built of a stack of lobulated flattened sacs, each of which is made of two membranes of about 40 A separated by an innerspace of about 30 A. The distance between the rod sacs is about 50 A. The sacs in the cone outer segment are originated by the folding of a continuous membrane. The thickness of the membranes and width of the spaces between the cone sacs is the same as in rod, but the sac innerspace is slightly narrower in the cone (~-~ 20 A).After fixation in formaldehyde and chromation, two different dense lines (11 and l~) separated by spaces of less density appear. One of the lines, 11, has a thickness of 70 A and is less dense than the other, l~, which is 30 A thick.

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Histochemical studies on the retina

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Submicroscopic Organization of Retinal Cones of the Rabbit

Submicroscopic Organization of Retinal Cones of the Rabbit

The interphotoreceptor matrix, a space in sight

Electron Microscopy of Retinal Photoreceptors

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