Histochemical, Structural and Ultrastructural Features of Endosperm in Alyssum Maritimum Lam.

Vijayaraghavan, M. R.; Prabhakar, Kumkum; Puri, Bipin

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1984.tb01776.x

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, there are numerous reports of highly specialized modifications of both micropylar and chalazal endosperm into haustoria which penetrate the maternal tissues (reviewed by Vijayraghavan and Prahabkar 1984). Additional references to endospermic haustoria, some of which are quite elaborate, in various plants are found in Maheshwari (1950), Davis (1966), and Chopra and Seth (1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Soon after fertilization, however, the endospermic chamber becomes increasingly curved (bent like a horseshoe) due to disintegration of the chalazal nucellus so that the micropylar tip containing the young embryo lies adjacent to the chalazal end with a large curved central chamber between. This has the effect of dividing the central cell into three chambers, each with a characteristic pattern of endosperm development (Schulz and Jensen 1974, Pacini et al 1975, Vijayraghavan and Prahabkar 1984, Vijayraghavan et al 1984, Mansfield 1994, van Lammeren et al 1996. Cellularization begins in the micropylar chamber when the embryo is in the early heart stage of development and spreads through the central chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1984), L amara (Vijayraghavan and Prahabkar 1984) and A. thaliana (Mansfield andBriarty 1990, Mansfield 1994) show a multinucleate cytoplasm with lobed nuclei, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes active in vesicle production, and wall projections. Polyploid nuclei have been reported in the persistent caecum of L amara (Vijayraghavan and Prahabkar 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Three major patterns of endosperm development are recognized; nuclear, ab initio cellular, and helobial (Maheshwari 1950, Bhatnagar and Sawhney 1981, Vijayraghavan and Prahabkar 1984. The majority of angiosperms including the grass (Poaceae) and mustard (Brassicaceae) families have the nuclear type in which mitosis without cytokinesis results in a multinucleate syncytium that lines the periphery of the central cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A distinct haustorium is formed in Diplotaxis erucoides as the chalazal endosperm invades the nucellus (Pacini et al 1975). In Iberis amara the chalazal endosperm caecum or haustorium remains syncytial even in the mature seed (Vijayraghavan and Prahabkar 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The specialized chalazal endosperm inArabidopsis thaliana andLepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae)

2000

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Summary. Endosperm of the nuclear type initially develops into a large multinucleate syncytium that lines the central cell. This seemingly simple wall-less cytoplasm can, however, be highly differentiated. In developing seeds of members of the family Brassicaceae the curved postfertilization embryo sac comprises three chambers or developmental domains. The syncytium fills the micropylar chamber around the embryo, spreads as a thin peripheral layer surrounding a large central vacuole in the central chamber, and is organized into individual nodules and a large multinucleate cyst in the chalazal tip. Later in development, after the endosperm has cellularized in the micropylar and central chambers, the chalazal endosperm cyst remains syncytial and shows considerable internal differentiation. The chalazal endosperm cyst consists of a domelike apical region that is separated from the cellularized endosperm by a remnant of the central vacuole and a basal haustorial portion which penetrates the chalazal proliferative tissue atop the vascular supply. In the shallow chalazal depression of Arabidopsis thaliana, the cyst is mushroom-shaped with short tentacle-like processes penetrating the maternal tissues. The long narrow chalazal channel of Lepidium irginicum is filled by an elongate stalklike portion of the cyst. In both, the dome contains a labyrinth of endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes with associated vesicles, nuclei, and plastids. The basal portions, which lack the larger organelles, exhibit extensive wall ingrowths and contain parallel arrays of microtubules. The highly specialized ultrastructnre of the chalazal endosperm cyst and its intimate association with degrading chalazal proliferative cells suggest an important role in loading of maternal resources into the develaping seed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%