Histochemical Localization of Esterases in the Integument of the Female &lt;I&gt;Boophilus microplus&lt;/I&gt; (Acari: Ixodidae) Tick

Villarino, Mario A.; Waghela, Suryakant D.; Wagner, G. G.

doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.6.780

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Já no grupo dos organofosforados, a resistência do carrapato está relacionada normalmente a um único gene semi dominante, ou seja, os indivíduos heterozigotos também apresentam resistência, embora menor do que os homozigotos resistentes. Os mecanismos da resistência aos organofosforado ainda precisam ser melhor explicados, mas sabe-se que existe relação com a insensibilidade da acetilcolinesterase (FOIL et al, 2004), com o aumento do metabolismo das esterases localizadas no integumento de teleóginas resistentes e com a super expressão dessas enzimas em larvas (VILLARINO, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

EFICIÊNCIA DE ACARICIDAS COMERCIAIS SOBRE O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus DE UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VAZANTE, MG., BRASIL

Mastrantonio

Pereira²,

CAIXETA³

et al. 2022

Vet. Not.

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Os carrapatos são os ectoparasitos que causam maiores prejuízos para a produção de bovinos, e em particular o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por graves prejuízos para os produtores de carne e leite, e seu controle vem sendo dificultado pela resistência desses ácaros de pequeno porte aos carrapaticidas comerciais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência in vitro de 08 (oito) bases químicas presentes nos principais acaricidas do mercado, sobre o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Para tanto, amostras de carrapatos foram coletadas de uma propriedade rural do município de Vazante, MG, para a realização do teste de imersão de teleóginas (biocarrapaticidograma). As associações das bases químicas Cipermetrina 20% + Clorpirifós 50%; Cirpemetrina 15% + Clorpirifós 30% + Fention 15%; Cipermetrina 15% + Clorpirifós 25% + Butóxido de Piperonila 15%+ Citronela 1% e Clorpirifós 50% + Cipermetrina 6%, apresentaram eficiência de 100% no teste in vitro. Entretanto, Diclorvós 50% + Clorpirifós 20%; Supona 50%; Amitraz 12,5% e a Deltametrina 25% apresentaram eficiência menor que 95%. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma relação direta entre produtos presentes no mercado versus resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, enfatizando a necessidade do monitoramento dos mecanismos de resistência associado à implementação de um programa de controle estratégico de carrapatos, levando ao manejo adequado de acaricidas e uma política de fiscalização atuante por parte dos órgãos competentes com relação aos produtos químicos disponíveis no mercado para o controle do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

EFICIÊNCIA DE ACARICIDAS COMERCIAIS SOBRE O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus DE UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VAZANTE, MG., BRASIL

Mastrantonio

Pereira²,

CAIXETA³

et al. 2022

Vet. Not.

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“…The lamellated procuticle may provide the cuticle of the studied species with a significant capacity to expand and stretch while engorging during a blood meal. Villarino et al (2001) have characterized the localization of esterases in the procuticle, and particularly within the endocuticle of B. microplus females. They have also reported that the procuticle represents a considerable physical barrier for organophosphate compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structure of the integument of <i>Argas (Persicargas) persicus</i> (Oken) (Ixodoidea: Argasidae)

Montasser¹,

Amin²

2005

Entomol. Fennica

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The integument of Argas persicus was investigated using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The study revealed that two layers, viz. an outer epicuticle and an inner procuticle, form the cuticle. The epicuticle includes wax, cuticulin and protein epicuticular layers. The wax layer carries numerous crater-like deposits, oval or circular discs and numerous infoldings. The procuticle contains an exo-, endo- and a subcuticle.Underlining the cuticle, flattened epidermal cells are connected via desmosomes and contain rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and mitochondria. Scattered dermal glands are located beneath the cuticle and are continuous with the outside through dermal ducts and surface pores.

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“…Mechanisms of resistance to OPs include the modifications of the target site in the AChEs gene, carboxylesterase (CE) gene, and metabolic detoxification ( Kumar, 2019 ). Organophosphates may interact with esterases found in the integument layers of R. microplus , resulting in the overexpression of esterases in larvae as well as in adult R. microplus , and consequent resistance to OPs ( Villarino et al., 2001 ). Even though tick resistance to OPs is known to occur mostly through changes in metabolic activities and conformational changes in AChEs ( Pruett, 2002 ; de Oliveira Souza Higa et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Organophosphates Mechanism Of Action and Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricides Resistance in Ticks: Selection, Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Mitigation

Obaid

Islam

Alouffi

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Ticks are blood-feeding ecto-parasites that have a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Ticks cause economic losses in the form of reduced blood, meat and dairy products, as well as pathogen transmission. Different acaricides such as organochlorines, organophosphates, formamidines (e.g. amitraz), synthetic pyrethroids, macrocyclic lactones, fipronil, and fluazuron are currently used sequentially or simultaneously to control tick infestations. Most acaricide treatments now face increasingly high chances of failure, due to the resistance selection in different tick populations against these drugs. Acaricide resistance in ticks can be developed in different ways, including amino acid substitutions that result in morphological changes in the acaricide target, metabolic detoxification, and reduced acaricide entry through the outer layer of the tick body. The current literature brings a plethora of information regarding the use of different acaricides for tick control, resistance selection, analysis of mutations in target sites, and resistance mitigation. Alternatives such as synergistic use of different acaricides, plant-derived phytochemicals, fungi as biological control agents, and anti-tick vaccines have been recommended to avoid and mitigate acaricide resistance. The purpose of this review was to summarize and discuss different acaricides applied for tick control, their mechanisms of action and resistance selection, genetic polymorphisms in their target molecules, as well as the approaches used for diagnosis and mitigation of acaricide resistance, specifically in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks.

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Histochemical Localization of Esterases in the Integument of the Female <I>Boophilus microplus</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) Tick

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

EFICIÊNCIA DE ACARICIDAS COMERCIAIS SOBRE O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus DE UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VAZANTE, MG., BRASIL

EFICIÊNCIA DE ACARICIDAS COMERCIAIS SOBRE O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus DE UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VAZANTE, MG., BRASIL

Fine structure of the integument of <i>Argas (Persicargas) persicus</i> (Oken) (Ixodoidea: Argasidae)

Acaricides Resistance in Ticks: Selection, Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Mitigation

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