Histochemical Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase In The Nervous System of The Snail,<i>Biomphalaria Glabrata</i>

Chiang, Peter K.; Bourgeois, John G.; Bueding, Ernest

doi:10.3109/00207457209147013

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…General features of the Biomphalaria nervous system have been reported previously (Lever et al, ; Chiang et al, ; Delgado et al, ). In the present study, a “head‐brain” preparation was developed to facilitate visualizing relations between central and peripheral cephalic structures (Fig.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Nerve designations followed previous reports (Pan, 1958; Lever et al, ; Chiang et al, ). The “foot‐brain” preparation confirmed earlier descriptions of CSO innervation, i.e., the nerve projecting to the superior lip (superior lip n.) originates medial to the nerve innervating the median lip (median lip n.) in the anterolateral cerebral ganglion (Lever et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Snails dissected at 6-10 mm shell diameter were considered sexually mature, as evidenced by their capacity to lay eggs. Protocols conducted on B. glabrata were approved by the General features of the Biomphalaria nervous system have been reported previously (Lever et al, 1965;Chiang et al, 1972Chiang et al, , 1974Delgado et al, 2012). In the present study, a "head-brain" preparation was developed to facilitate visualizing relations between central and peripheral cephalic structures ( Fig.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Specimens Dissections And Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…B). The nomenclature adopted for the pedal nerves followed Chiang et al () with the designations of anterior pedal nerve, central pedal nerve, and posterior pedal nerve corresponding respectively to nerves 10, 11, 12 used previously (Delgado et al, ; see Kemenes et al, ). Neuron cluster labels followed common usage in the intensively studied pulmonate, Lymnaea stagnalis (Slade et al, ; Benjamin and Winlow, ; Kemenes et al, ; Croll and Chiasson, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous systems of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis

Vallejo

Habib

Delgado

et al. 2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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Planorbid snails of the genus Biomphalaria are major intermediate hosts for the digenetic trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Evidence suggests that levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are reduced during the course of S. mansoni multiplication and transformation within the snail. This investigation used immunohistochemical methods to localize tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, in the nervous system of Biomphalaria. The two species examined, Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, are the major intermediate hosts for S. mansoni in sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 90% of global cases of human intestinal schistosomiasis occur. TH-like immunoreactive (THli) neurons were distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and labeled fibers were present in all commissures, connectives, and nerves. Some asymmetries were observed, including a large distinctive neuron (LPeD1) in the pedal ganglion described previously in several pulmonates. The majority of TH-like immunoreactive neurons were detected in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), especially in lip and foot regions of the anterior integument. Independent observations supporting the dopaminergic phenotype of THli neurons included 1) block of LPeD1 synaptic signaling by the D2/3 antagonist sulpiride, and 2) the similar localization of aqueous aldehyde (FaGlu) induced fluorescence. The distribution of THli neurons indicates that, as in other gastropods, dopamine functions as a sensory neurotransmitter and in the regulation of feeding and reproductive behaviors in Biomphalaria. It is hypothesized that infection could stimulate transmitter release from dopaminergic sensory neurons and that dopaminergic signaling could contribute to modifications of both host and parasite behavior.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Materials and Methods Specimens Dissections And Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous systems of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis

Vallejo

Habib

Delgado

et al. 2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The general topography of the central ganglia of Biomphalaria is similar to other pulmonates (Slade et al, 1981; Kyriakides et al, 1989; Kiehn et al, 1991; Hernádi and Elekes, 1999). The central nervous system (CNS) consists of five paired ganglia (cerebral, pedal, pleural, parietal, and buccal) and one unpaired visceral ganglion (Lever et al, 1965; Chiang et al, 1972). The nervous system has an epiathroid organization (see Chase, 2002) and the most evident asymmetry is found in the parietal ganglia, where the left ganglion is approximately three times larger than the right.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of serotonin in the nervous system of Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis

Delgado

Vallejo

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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The digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni that causes the form of schistosomiasis found in the Western Hemisphere requires the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata as its primary intermediate host. It has been proposed that the transition from the free‐living S. mansoni miracidium to parasitic mother sporocyst depends on uptake of biogenic amines, e.g. serotonin, from the snail host. However, little is known about potential sources of serotonin in B. glabrata tissues. This investigation examined the localization of serotonin‐like immunoreactivity (5HTli) in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues of B. glabrata. Emphasis was placed on the cephalic and anterior pedal regions that are commonly the sites of S. mansoni miracidium penetration. The anterior foot and body wall were densely innervated by 5HTli fibers but no peripheral immunoreactive neuronal somata were detected. Within the CNS, clusters of 5HTli neurons were observed in the cerebral, pedal, left parietal, and visceral ganglia, suggesting that the peripheral serotonergic fibers originate from the CNS. Double‐labeling experiments (biocytin backfill × serotonin immunoreactivity) of the tentacular nerve and the three major pedal nerves (Pd n. 10, Pd n. 11, and Pd n. 12) disclosed central neurons that project to the cephalopedal periphery. Overall, the central distribution of 5HTli neurons suggests that, as in other gastropods, serotonin regulates the locomotion, reproductive, and feeding systems of Biomphalaria. The projections to the foot and body wall indicate that serotonin may also participate in defensive, nociceptive, or inflammation responses. These observations identify potential sources of host‐derived serotonin in this parasite–host system. J. Comp. Neurol., 520:3236–3255, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Simultaneous ultrastructural localization of serotonin and cholinesterases in Mytilus byssal retractor muscle (A.B.R.M.)

1983

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Ultrastructural localization techniques for cholinesterases (ChE) by the Karnovsky method, for monoamines by the technique of Wood, and Tranzer and Richards, and for 5HT by the technique of Wood, were performed on the anterior byssal retractor muscle of Mytilus. Simultaneous ultrastructural localization of 5HT and ChE was obtained by the use of the false neurotransmitter 5,6-DHT, followed by the method of Karnovsky for ChE. The glio-interstitial tissue presents a constant ChE activity, mainly localized on the plasma membrane, even in those processes which accompany tryptaminergic (5HT containing) neurites. Muscle cell membrane also reacts positively to the Karnovsky method. The tryptaminergic neurites themselves do not show any ChE activity; they contain dichromate reactive large (100 nm) dense cored vesicles. The presence of differentiated tryptaminergic neuromuscular junctions, suggested by other authors, is established. It was not possible to distinguish classes of nerve endings by the typology of their vesicular content. It is concluded that one can reasonably plan to study the effect of glial ChE inhibition on the physiology of the tryptaminergic (relaxing) response of the A.B.R.M. to nerve stimulation.

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Histochemical Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase In The Nervous System of The Snail,Biomphalaria Glabrata

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous systems of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis

Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in the nervous systems of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria alexandrina, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis

Localization of serotonin in the nervous system of Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis

Simultaneous ultrastructural localization of serotonin and cholinesterases in Mytilus byssal retractor muscle (A.B.R.M.)

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