Histochemical classification of individual skeletal muscle fibers of the rat

Stein, Julia; Padykula, Helen A.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001100203

Cited by 384 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Muscle fibres in the triceps surae of cats have been divided into three histochemical groups on the basis of mitochondrial ATPase activity (Stein & Padykula, 1962;Henneman & Olson, 1965). Although, in a statistical sense, the S type muscle units in the gastrocnemius heads are somewhat different from those in the soleus muscle as regards the distribution of TwTp measurements, the units are not clearly distinguishable on any criterion other than that of anatomic location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large sample of gastrocnemius motor units studied by Wuerker et al (1965) appeared to constitute a continuum with regard to the above properties, with little indication of clearly different physiological groups which might correspond to the different histochemical muscle fibres type known to be present in this muscle (Stein & Padykula, 1962;Henneman & Olson, 1965). In contrast, several other studies have shown the presence of two qualitatively different types of motor units (based primarily on speed of contraction) in cat tibialis anterior (Gordon & Phillips, 1953), cat intercostal muscle (Andersen & Sears, 1964) and rat tail muscles (Steg, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motor unit types of cat triceps surae muscle

Burke¹

1967

The Journal of Physiology

332

171

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SUMMARY1. Motor units, defined as including a motoneurone (cell body, dendrites and axon) plus the muscle unit innervated, have been examined in the triceps surae motor pool of pentobarbital anaesthetized cats.2. The technique of intracellular stimulation and recording which was used permitted measurement of the axonal conduction velocity, post-spike hyperpolarization duration and input resistance of individual motoneurones, and the correlation of these properties with the characteristics of the twitch and tetanus responses of the muscle unit innervated by the cell elicited by direct intracellular stimulation.3. On the basis of muscle unit speed of contraction, motor units were divided into two groups: (a) fast twitch, or F, type with twitch time to peak (TwTp) less than or equal to 30 msec, and (b) slow twitch, or S, type with TwTp of 40 msec or greater. The twitch tensions (TwTen) produced by type F units were significantly larger (median value = 18 g) than the tensions generated by type S units (TwTen median value = 1*6 g). Type F muscle units had much higher tetanus fusion frequencies (median = 85 pulses/see) than the S type (median 25 pulses/sec), and tended to have smaller tetanus to twitch tension ratios (Tet/Tw) (median = 2.6) than type S units (median = 5.4).4. The gastrocnemius heads contained a mixture of F and S types of muscle units, the proportions found being about 3 to 1 respectively. Units encountered in the soleus muscle were uniformly of type S. The characteristics of gastrocnemius and soleus type S motor units were not identical but appeared to represent quantitative differences in units of the same qualitative type.5. Motoneurones innervating type F muscle units had faster axonal conduction velocities, shorter post-spike hyperpolarizations and lower input resistances than those supplying type S units. However, no combination of motoneurone properties alone was sufficient to separate unambiguously types F and S motor units.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor unit types of cat triceps surae muscle

Burke¹

1967

The Journal of Physiology

332

171

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“…One problem confronting such a study is the heterogeneity of muscle fiber types known to exist in many adult mammalian muscles (9,16,17,31,36) . Various schemes of classification, based mainly on histochemical results, have been put forward .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Transverse Tubular System of Fast and Slow Skeletal Muscles of the Mouse During Postnatal Development

Luff

Atwood

1971

The Journal of Cell Biology

162

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The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and transverse tubular system (TTS) of a fast-twitch muscle (extensor digitorum longus-EDL) and a slow-twitch muscle (soleus-SOL) of the mouse were examined during postnatal development . Muscles of animals newborn to 60 days old were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and examined with an electron microscope. At birth the few T tubules were often oriented longitudinally, but at the age of 10 days most of them had a transverse orientation . In the EDL, the estimated volume of the TTS increased from 0 .08% at birth to 0 .4% in the adult ; corresponding values for the SOL were 0 .04% at birth and 0.22% in the adult . A similar relative change was observed in surface area of the TTS during development . Calculated on the basis of a 30 µm diameter fiber, the surface area of the TTS in the EDL increased from 0 .60 cm2 TTS/cm2 fiber surface in the newborn to 3 .1 cm2 /cm2 in the adult, compared with 0.15 cm2 /cm2 at birth to 1 .80 cm2 /cm2 in the adult for the SOL . The SR in the newborn muscles occurred as a loose network of tubules that developed rapidly within the subsequent 20 days, especially at the I band level . The volume of the SR increased in the EDL from 1 .1 % of fiber volume at birth to 5 .5 % in the adult. In the SOL the change was from 1 .7 % to 2 .9 % . The SOL approached the adult values more rapidly than the EDL, although the EDL had more SR and T tubules . Fibers of both EDL and SOL muscles showed variation in Z line thickness, mitochondrial content, and diameter, but over-all differences between the two muscles in amount of SR and TTS were significant . It is considered that the differing amounts of SR and TTS are closely rela ted to the differing speeds of contraction that have been demonstrated for these two muscles .

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“…However, as mentioned in the Introduction, there are limitations to the whole muscle approach. It is only by studying individual motor units that it is possible to be certain of investigating the action of the drug on muscle fibres of the same histochemical type (Stein & Padykula, 1962;Kugelberg, 1973;Schmalbruch & Kamieniecka, 1975;Pullen, 1977). In addition, normal muscle contraction is based upon the activity of individual motor units, with the central nervous system having control of muscles solely at the level of individual motor units.…”

Section: (Ii) Hind Limb Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%