HISTOCHEMICAL AND MICROCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIPIDS OF THE INTERSCAPULAR BROWN FAT OF THE FEMALE VESPERTILIONID BAT <i>MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS LUCIFUGUS</i>

Rémillard, Guy‐Laurent

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb44163.x

Cited by 89 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This variation in level of total lipides may be an indication of the general metabolic state of these bats (39). In addition to lipides, brown adipose cells of various animal species have been shown to contain ascorbic acid, alpha amino acids, mucoproteins, water-soluble polysaccharides, glycogen, amine oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and esterase (23,36,39,40). Brown adipose tissue has been found to be highly vascularized, capable of supporting considerable metabolic activity and to have an abundant nerve supply which seems to influence the storage and utilization of glycogen and lipides (36,39,41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total lipide content of brown adipose tissue obtained from Myotis lucifugus reaches a peak during the month prior to entering hibernation, gradually decreases during the period of inactivation and increases again in preparation for the awakening. This variation in level of total lipides may be an indication of the general metabolic state of these bats (39). In addition to lipides, brown adipose cells of various animal species have been shown to contain ascorbic acid, alpha amino acids, mucoproteins, water-soluble polysaccharides, glycogen, amine oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and esterase (23,36,39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to lipides, brown adipose cells of various animal species have been shown to contain ascorbic acid, alpha amino acids, mucoproteins, water-soluble polysaccharides, glycogen, amine oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and esterase (23,36,39,40). Brown adipose tissue has been found to be highly vascularized, capable of supporting considerable metabolic activity and to have an abundant nerve supply which seems to influence the storage and utilization of glycogen and lipides (36,39,41,42). Interscapular brown fat of fetal and postnatal rats has been grown in organ culture and although tissue survived for only a few days, all stages in the differentiation of brown adipose tissue were observed in vitro (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Pathogenesis of Rabies in Insectivorous Bats

Sulkin

Krutzsch

Allen

et al. 1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

113

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Studies on the pathogenesis of rabies in two species of experimentally infected insectivorous Chiroptera, the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida mexicana), a quasi hibernator, and the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), a deep hibernator, provided evidence that brown adipose tissue may serve as an extraneural site for storage and multiplication of rabies virus. Although the Mexican free-tailed bat proved to be relatively insusceptible to experimental rabies infection, virus was demonstrated in the brown fat of 22 per cent of those animals shown to be infected by viral assay in white Swiss mice. Rabies infection in this species was most evident 20 to 40 days after intramuscular inoculation of virus. Rabies virus was found to be widely distributed in the little brown myotis 9 to 26 days following inoculation and virus concentrations in some of the tissues approached the level of the stock mouse brain virus suspension used in inoculating these bats. The shorter incubation period and higher virus titers in the tissues assayed reflect the increased susceptibility of Myotis lucifugus as compared with the Mexican free-tailed bat. Virus was demonstrated in the brown fat of 30 per cent of the experimentally infected Myotis. In the experimentally infected Myotis lucifugus and in the Syrian hamster which is highly susceptible to rabies infection, rabies virus was isolated more frequently from the brown fat than from the salivary gland indicating that in a susceptible host brown adipose tissue may be as frequent a site of viral proliferation as salivary gland. Since rabies virus was found to persist for long periods of time in the brown fat of experimentally infected bats and was occasionally demonstrated in this tissue alone, it is suggested that brown adipose tissue provides a mechanism by which these animals may serve as reservoirs for this agent in nature. The possibility that similar mechanisms may be involved in the maintenance of other viral agents during interepidemic periods is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Pathogenesis of Rabies in Insectivorous Bats

Sulkin

Krutzsch

Allen

et al. 1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

113

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“…Bats behave like cold-blooded animals (poikilotherms) during hibernation, but unlike other hibernating mammals (heterotherms) remain poikilothermic when aroused. Only through the muscular activity associated with flight do bats behave as homoiotherms, raising their body temperature above that of the environment (2,18,29).…”

Section: Experiments With a Bat Rabies Strain (59vi3b) In Little Browmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Rabies in Insectivorous Bats

Sulkin

Allen

Sims

et al. 1960

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Studies on the influence of environmental temperature on the pathogenesis of rabies in two species of experimentally infected Chiroptera, the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida mexicana) and the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), provided evidence that little or no viral multiplication occurs in the inactive host during experimentally induced hibernation. When inoculated animals are wakened from hibernation by transfer to a warm room, virus previously in "cold storage" multiplies, reaching detectable levels in various tissues. Similar results were obtained with two strains of rabies virus, a canine rabies street virus which produced a fatal infection in man and a strain isolated from the pooled brown fat of naturally infected little brown bats. However, certain differences in the characteristics of these virus strains were observed. The canine rabies virus strain produced an encephalitic disease in mice and overt symptoms in bats; the bat rabies virus producing an encephalomyelitic disease in mice and infrequent symptoms in bats. The bat rabies virus had a greater predilection for brown adipose tissue than the canine strain. Results obtained with the bat rabies virus in hibernating animals indicate that after a period of latency in a dormant animal activated virus may reach the salivary gland more rapidly, with greater frequency, and attain higher concentrations than in animals which have not experienced a period of hibernation. The significance of these results as they relate to the natural history of bat rabies is discussed.

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“…Evidence to suggest that viral storage and replication occur in the intrascapular brown fat was provided by Sulkin et al (1959) and Sims and Sulkin (1963). This issue is an actively metabolizing source of nutrition during periods of hibernation or torpor (Wertheimer andShapiro 1948 andRemillard 1958).…”

Section: Bat Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoptive transfer of immunity to rabies virus

Jorgenson

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HISTOCHEMICAL AND MICROCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIPIDS OF THE INTERSCAPULAR BROWN FAT OF THE FEMALE VESPERTILIONID BAT MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS LUCIFUGUS

Cited by 89 publications

References 57 publications

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Rabies in Insectivorous Bats

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Rabies in Insectivorous Bats

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Rabies in Insectivorous Bats

Adoptive transfer of immunity to rabies virus

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