Histochemical Analysis of the Lizard Cortex: An Acetylcholinesterase, Cytochrome Oxidase and NADPH-Diaphorase Study

Regidor, José; Poch, L I

doi:10.1159/000415856

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, it would have been better to study the distribution of ChAT. However, the distribution of ChAT and AChE in the dentate area is very similar in humans [de Lacalle et al, 1994], in rats [Clarke, 1985] and in the lizards Gekko gecko [Hoogland and Vermeulen-VanderZee, 1990] and Gallotia [Regidor and Poch, 1988;Medina et al, 1993]. Moreover, Tupinambis nigropunctatus is no longer available for experimental studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the skink Chalcides sexlineatus, no AChE could be demonstrated in the medial cortex [Regidor and Poch, 1988]. In Anolis equestris the AChE is evenly distributed over the inner and outer plexiform layers (pers.…”

Section: Other Relations Of the Cholinergic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this layer the projections of the lateral olfactory cortex terminate [Lohman and van WoerdenVerkley, 1976]. In the lizards Podarcis hispanica and Gallotia stehlini, less dense staining for AChE is present in the layers where the projections from the dorsomedial cortex terminate Regidor and Poch, 1988]. In the two gekkonid species studied, AChE seems to be related only to the layers where the thalamic projections terminate, there are no layers with less dense staining for AChE.…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cholinergic fibers are only present in the rostral part of the medial cortex. In the lizards Gallotia stehlinii and Gallotia galloti the cholinergic input terminates in the middle one-third of the outer plexiform layer of the medial cortex [Regidor and Poch, 1988;Medina et al, 1993]. Very limited information is available about the distribution of AChE in the medial cortex of Podarcis hispanica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

et al. 1998

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The small-celled part of the medial cortex (Cxms) in lizards is comparable to the hippocampal area dentata in mammals. As in mammals, most of the afferents to this cortical area are arranged in sharply delimited laminae. In reptiles this lamination pattern is species-specific. In the lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus projections from the multisensory dorsolateral thalamic nucleus (Dla) terminate in the middle one-third of the outer plexiform layer throughout the whole rostrocaudal extent of Cxms. In Podarcis hispanica the thalamic projections terminate not only in the middle one-third of Cxms but also in the inner plexiform layer. To find out whether the species-related variation of thalamic projections to Cxms is a solitary phenomenon or is related to variations of other afferents of Cxms, we studied the relationships between the thalamic and cholinergic projections from the basal telencephalon in the medial cortex of three lizard families: the Lacertidae, the Teiidae and the Gekkonidae. In the gekkonid lizards Gekko gecko and Eublepharius macularius, Dla projections were studied with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. Projections were found in only the rostral one-third of Cxms where the fibers terminate in the superficial half of the outer plexiform layer and in the deep half of the inner plexiform layer. From acetylcholinesterase staining in the Cxms of representatives of these three lizard families, it appeared that the main cholinergic afferents terminate in the same subregions and the same laminae as the Dla projections. Therefore, there seems to be a close association between thalamic and cholinergic afferents in the Cxms of lizards, irrespective of their precise location in the cortex of the various species. This suggests a functional relationship between these two afferents of the dentate area in lizards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Relations Of the Cholinergic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

et al. 1998

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“…The MC has two subdivisions, a principally vertical and medial small celled portions (MS) and a more dorsal-lateral large celled portion (ML). Although functional differences remain undefined, these subdivisions have distinctly different cytoarchitecture [Butler, 1980;Butler and Hodos, 1996] and chemoarchitecture [Regidor and Poch, 1988;Smeets et al, 1989] in many lizard species, and distinctive connectivity in at least some lizard species [Hoogland and Vermeulen-Vanderzee, 1993]. Given that no one has traced the connections of the medial cortex in Acanthodactylus species, it is possible that either the small celled or the large cell portion of the medial cortex might have connections suggesting greater functional significance to foraging ecology than the other.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Medial and Dorsal Cortex Volume in Relation to Foraging Ecology in Congeneric Lizards

Day¹,

Crews²,

Wilczynski³

1999

Brain Behav Evol

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The need to locate distributed resources such as mates, food, and nests is correlated with an enlarged hippocampus in many mammalian and avian species. This correlation is believed to be a consequence of selection for spatial ability. Little is known about how such ecological needs affect non-mammalian, non-avian species. In lizards, the putative hippocampal homologues are the dorsal cortex (DC) and medial cortex (MC). We examined the relationship between foraging ecology and the size of the DC and MC in congeneric male lizards. We predicted based on the mammalian and avian literature that Acanthodactylus boskianus, an active forager that captures clumped, immobile prey would have a larger MC and DC than A. scutellatus, a sit-and-wait predator, that captures mobile prey. Our previous behavioral studies showed that A. boskianus did not differ from A. scutellatus on a spatial task but that A. boskianus was significantly better at the reversal of a visual discrimination, another task that is hippocampally dependent in mammals. In the current study, we found that, relative to telencephalon volume, the MC and DC were larger in the active forager whereas a control region, the lateral, olfactory, cortex, was similar in size between species. The current anatomical results suggest that MC and DC size is related to active foraging in lizards and, along with our previous behavioral studies, show that it is possible for this relationship to occur in the absence of evidence for species differences in spatial memory.

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Topographical distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the central nervous system of the frog,Rana perezi

Muñoz

Muñoz²,

Marı́n

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (ND) activity was histochemically investigated in the brain of the frog Rana perezi. This technique provides a highly selective labeling of neurons and tracts. In the telencephalon, labeled cells are present in the olfactory bulb, pallial regions, septal area, nucleus of the diagonal band, striatum, and amygdala. Positive neurons surround the preoptic and infundibular recesses of the third ventricle. The magnocellular and suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nuclei contain stained cells. Numerous neurons are present in the anterior, lateral anterior, central, and lateral posteroventral thalamic nuclei. Positive terminal fields are organized in the same thalamic areas but most conspicuously in the visual recipient plexus of Bellonci, corpus geniculatum of the thalamus, and the superficial ventral thalamic nucleus. Labeled fibers and cell groups are observed in the pretectal area, the mesencephalic optic tectum, and the torus semicircularis. The nuclei of the mesencephalic tegmentum contain abundant labeled cells and a conspicuous cell population is localized medial and caudal to the isthmic nucleus. Numerous cells in the rhombencephalon are distributed in the octaval area, raphe nucleus, reticular nuclei, sensory trigeminal nuclei, nucleus of the solitary tract, and, at the obex levels, the dorsal column nucleus. Positive fibers are abundant in the superior olivary nucleus, the descending trigeminal, and the solitary tracts. In the spinal cord, a large population of intensely labeled neurons is present in all fields of the gray matter throughout its rostrocaudal extent. Several sensory pathways were heavily stained including part of the olfactory, visual, auditory, and somatosensory pathways. The distribution of ND-positive cells did not correspond to any single known neurotransmitter or neuroactive molecule system. In particular, abundant codistribution of ND and catecholamines is found in the anuran brain. Double labeling techniques have revealed restricted colocalization in the same neurons and only in the posterior tubercle and locus coeruleus. If ND is in amphibians a selective marker for neurons containing nitric oxide synthase, as generally proposed, with this method the neurons that may synthesize nitric oxide would be identified. This study provides evidence that nitric oxide may be involved in novel tasks, primarily related to forebrain functions, that are already present in amphibians.

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Histochemical Analysis of the Lizard Cortex: An Acetylcholinesterase, Cytochrome Oxidase and NADPH-Diaphorase Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

Relative Medial and Dorsal Cortex Volume in Relation to Foraging Ecology in Congeneric Lizards

Topographical distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the central nervous system of the frog,Rana perezi

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