Histochemical Analysis of Plant Secretory Structures

Demarco, Diego

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2675-7_24

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Specialized structures such as resin ducts were not detected (Jura-Morawiec and Tulik 2015), and therefore the mechanism of red resin secretion was unclear. A significant finding of this study is the localization of dragon's blood at the cellular level with a NADI reagent commonly used for resin detection (Demarco 2017). In D. draco, resin occurs in the parenchyma cells as terpene-filled vesicles which tend to aggregate.…”

Section: Resin Identification At the Cellular Levelmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For the histochemical detection of resin, fresh samples of the leafy stems were longitudinally sectioned with a WSL microtome. Next, the sections were subjected to the NADI reagent (mixture of: 0.1% ɑ-naphtol, 1% N,N-dimethyl-pphenylenediamine and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) according to the procedure described by Demarco (2017). Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes (essential oils) stain in blue, whereas diterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes and derivatives stain in red, and mixtures of essential oils and resins stain in various shades of violet to purple, depending on the proportion of each compound.…”

Section: Histochemical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the role of dragon’s blood in the undisturbed growth of dragon trees

Jura‐Morawiec

Marcinkiewicz

Caujapé‐Castells

2022

Trees

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Key message Dragon’s blood secretion is an integral part of the normal development of the leaves and of the tissue protecting the trunk of dragon trees. Abstract Dragon’s blood is a common name of a red resin produced in response to wounding by tree-like monocot species of the genus Dracaena (Asparagaceae), known as dragon trees. This resin has important medicinal uses and economic value. However, its ecological significance and mechanism of secretion are understudied. We specifically addressed this knowledge gap through the investigation of leaf shedding, a natural processes in plant development, associated with self-wounding. We aimed to characterize the form of the resin of the Macaronesian (D. draco, D. tamaranae) and Socotran (D. cinnabari) dragon trees, and to explain its role in the development of leaves and of the tissue covering the leafless mature trunks. Based on the NADI test and the analysis of large-area longitudinal sections, we show for the first time that the resin occurs in parenchyma cells in the form of terpene-filled vesicles which tend to aggregate. The resin is an anatomical marker of the area where the leaf’s abscission zone will be formed. After leaf shedding, the resin containing leaf scars completely cover the trunk. This study highlights that dragon’s blood is secreted not only following wounding caused by external biotic and/or abiotic factors, but also in the undisturbed growth of dragon trees.

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Section: Resin Identification At the Cellular Levelmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Histochemical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the role of dragon’s blood in the undisturbed growth of dragon trees

Jura‐Morawiec

Marcinkiewicz

Caujapé‐Castells

2022

Trees

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“…The sections were also stained with mercuric bromophenol blue to indicate total proteins [ 13 ]. Sudan back as well as Sudan IV was further used for the confirmation of total lipids and fatty acids [ 14 ]. The confirmatory test for the presence of phenolic compound was conducted using ferric trichloride [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The confirmatory test for the presence of phenolic compound was conducted using ferric trichloride [ 15 ]. The ruthenium red was used for the detection of acidic polysaccharides [ 14 ]. Meanwhile, the confirmatory test for the presence of alkaloids was performed using Wagner’s and Dittmar’s reagents [ 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromorphology and Histology of the Secretory Apparatus of Diospyros villosa (L.) de Winter Leaves and Stem Bark

Adu

Naidoo

Adu

et al. 2022

Plants

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Diospyros villosa is a perennial species prominently acknowledged for its local medicinal applications. The native utilisation of this species in traditional medicine may be ascribed to the presence of secretory structures and their exudate (comprised of phytochemicals). However, the morphological nature and optical features of the secretory structures in D. villosa remain largely unclear. This study was directed to ascertain the occurrence and adaptive features of structures found within the leaves and stem bark of D. villosa using light and electron microscopy techniques. The current study notes the existence of trichomes, and other secretory structures were noted. SEM indicated the presence of non-glandular hirsute trichomes with bulky stalk on both leaves and stem surfaces. Transverse stem sections revealed the existence of crystal idioblasts. Moreover, the presence of the main phytochemical groups and their localisation within the foliage and stem bark was elucidated through various histochemical tests. The trichomal length and density were also assessed in leaves at different stages of development. The results indicated that the trichomal density at different stages of development of the D. villosa leaves and stem bark was not significantly different from one another, F(3,39) = 1.183, p = 0.3297. The average length of the non-glandular trichomes in the emergent, young and mature leaves, as well as in the stem, was recorded to be 230 ± 30.6 µm, 246 ± 40.32 μm, 193 ± 27.55 µm and 164 ± 18.62 µm, respectively. The perimeter and circumference of the observed trichomes in the developmental stages of D. villosa leaf and the stem bark were not statistically different, F(3,39) = 1.092, p = 0.3615. The results of histochemical tests showed the existence of phenols alkaloids, which are medicinally important and beneficial for treatment of diseases. The findings of this study, being reported for the first time may be considered in establishing microscopic and pharmacognostic measure for future identification and verification of natural herbal plant. Trichomal micromorphology and histological evaluations could be utilised as a tool for appropriate description for the assessment of this species.

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“…Other methodological approaches that explore anatomical slides in light microscopy is histochemistry, i.e., the application of specific reagents and dyes to detect the main classes of chemical compounds such as lipids and latex (Demarco, 2017;Ribeiro & Leitão, 2020). However, histochemical analysis is preferably applied to fresh tissues, and requires sectioning and staining procedures, as sections should be imaged immediately after test application to avoid altered results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser ablation tomography (LATscan) as a new tool for anatomical studies of woody plants

Neto

Hall

Lanba

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Traditionally, botanists study the anatomy of plants by carefully sectioning samples, histological staining to highlight tissues of interests, then imaging slides under light microscopy. This approach generates significant details; however, this traditional workflow is laborious and time consuming, and ultimately yields two-dimensional (2D) images. Laser Ablation Tomography (LATscan) is a high-throughput imaging system that yields hundreds of images per minute. This method has proven useful for studying the structure of delicate plant tissues, however its utility in understanding the structure of tougher woody tissues is underexplored. We report LATscan-derived anatomical data from several woody stems (ca. 20 mm) of eight species and compare these results to those obtained through traditional anatomical techniques. LATscan successfully allows the description of tissue composition by differentiating cell type, size, and shape, but also permits the recognition of distinct cell wall composition (e.g., lignin, suberin, cellulose) based on differential fluorescent signals on unstained samples. LATscan generate high-resolution 2D images and 3D reconstructions of woody plant samples, therefore this new technology is useful for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This high-throughput imaging technology has the potential to bolster phenotyping of vegetative and reproductive anatomy, wood anatomy, and other biological systems such as plant-pathogen and parasitic plant associations.

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Histochemical Analysis of Plant Secretory Structures

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Unraveling the role of dragon’s blood in the undisturbed growth of dragon trees

Unraveling the role of dragon’s blood in the undisturbed growth of dragon trees

Micromorphology and Histology of the Secretory Apparatus of Diospyros villosa (L.) de Winter Leaves and Stem Bark

Laser ablation tomography (LATscan) as a new tool for anatomical studies of woody plants

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