Histiocytoses

Chu, A.C.

doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch52

Cited by 17 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…There is a lack of universally accepted nomenclature for the various histiocytoses. Many eponyms are given and histiocytosis has been categorized into Classes I, IIa, IIb and III 2 . Class I represents Langerhans cell histiocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present case represents an example of the Class IIa histiocytoses, which comprise entities in which mononuclear phagocytic cells with a dermal dendrocyte phenotype accumulate in skin and other tissues. Entities described under this heading include GEH, JXG, benign cephalic histiocytosis, papular xanthoma, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, xanthoma disseminatum and progressive nodular histiocytosis 2,3 . They are reactive in nature, are not associated with malignancy, and generally tend to resolve spontaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized eruptive histiocytomas and juvenile eruptive xanthogranulomas in a 10‐year‐old boy: a potpourri of exotic terms indicating the need for unification

Verma¹

2012

Int J Dermatology

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A 10-year-old boy was brought to our clinic with a history of tiny, asymptomatic lesions scattered sparsely but diffusely all over the body. The lesions had been present since October 2009. Two types of lesion were seen on examination. Small, skin-colored, yellowish and occasionally pigmented papules were scattered on the eyelids, the dorsum of the hands and feet, and the trunk (Figs 1 and 2). The lesions on the eyelids resembled molluscum contagiosum, but there was no umbilication. Tiny, brown, flat papules with a wrinkled surface were also present on the trunk, hands, and feet; these outnumbered the round papules ( Fig. 3). Examination revealed about 40 lesions in total, distributed all over the body other than the back which was completely spared. Both types of lesion had appeared simultaneously. The subject also had multiple, bilaterally symmetrical icepick-like scars on the face; his parents described these as having been present since the neonatal stage, but did not remember any antecedent lesions. There was no lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly or mucosal lesions. The subject was a very healthy and athletic child. Review of systems revealed normal findings with nothing to suggest any internal involvement. Complete blood count with differential peripheral blood smear, serum creatinine, urea, liver function tests, blood sugar, and lipid profile results were normal. Eye examination was normal. A biopsy taken from an intact papule showed a focal lichenoid granulomatous infiltrate consisting predominantly of histiocytes, a few scattered giant cells, and a few lymphocytes. No xanthoma cells were seen. Sparing of the epidermis was evident. A diagnosis of generalized eruptive histiocytoma (GEH) was made. A second biopsy from a dark, flat papule showed a large focus of diffuse, dense infiltrate of large histiocytes and histiocytic giant cells with rounded vesicular nuclei, and abundant pink and foamy cytoplasm. Multiple Touton giant cells were observed (Figs 4 and 5). Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) was diagnosed. Both specimens were positive for CD68 and factor XIIIa, and negative for S100 and CD1a. DiscussionThis case is unique on multiple counts. We believe that this is the first case to be reported in the literature in which clinicopathologic diagnoses of GEH and JXG have been made according to two coexisting morphological patterns of lesions. Also, we found an unusual pattern of lichen nitidus-like infiltrate in the GEH, which has been previously reported in multiple lichenoid JXG. 1 There is a lack of universally accepted nomenclature for the various histiocytoses. Many eponyms are given and histiocytosis has been categorized into Classes I, IIa, IIb and III. 2 Class I represents Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The present case represents an example of the Class IIa histiocytoses, which comprise entities in which 445 ª

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized eruptive histiocytomas and juvenile eruptive xanthogranulomas in a 10‐year‐old boy: a potpourri of exotic terms indicating the need for unification

Verma¹

2012

Int J Dermatology

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“…It is now thought that MR is a histiocytic proliferative disease. The cells involved are phagocytic histiocytes and the disease is considered to be a reactive histiocytosis 4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arthritis often progresses rapidly, causing permanent deformity. In most instances the disease gradually loses its activity after about 7–8 years, however, it can leave significant disability, with a crippling arthropathy and scarred skin 3,4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis presenting with a rash and arthralgia

2002

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A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis in a 53-year-old woman with a history of generalized cutaneous eruptions followed by arthralgia is presented. A thorough malignancy screen was performed with negative results. Treatment was commenced with oral prednisone 20 mg daily, which rapidly resulted in marked improvement of joint symptoms and resolution of self-perceived functional disability. As there was little improvement of her rash, oral azathioprine was added at 100 mg daily. Both drugs were well-tolerated and the patient was discharged from hospital on these medications. Two months later the azathioprine was reduced to 50 mg per day orally, following a small rise in hepatic transaminases. Within 4 months there had been dramatic improvement in the rash and cutaneous nodules with complete remission of the arthralgia and pruritus. During this time the oral prednisone had gradually been decreased to 10 mg daily. To date only the periungual nodules persist.

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Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis

et al. 1999

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We describe a 61-year-old woman who presented with multiple small, firm, shiny, skin-coloured papules in a symmetrical pattern on the dorsum of the hands, sides of the fingers and extensor aspect of the forearms. These had slowly increased in number over a period of 40 years, and were asymptomatic. Both laboratory results and systemic review were unremarkable. Histological examination of six papules revealed well-circumscribed but unencapsulated dermal nodules composed of epithelioid histiocytes and abundant alcian blue-positive mucin separating broad bundles of collagen. Histiocytes within the nodule stained positively with vimentin, and were focally positive for alpha1-antitrypsin and lysozyme. The interstitium was positive for tenascin. On electron microscopy, the histiocytes showed numerous circular, osmophilic myelin bodies and zebra bodies reminiscent of those seen in lysosomal storage diseases. Our patient's clinical, histological and ultrastructural features have been previously described as hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis, a rare familial form of eruptive histiocytoma characterized by multiple persistent papules with prominent mucinosis.

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Histiocytoses

Cited by 17 publications

References 225 publications

Generalized eruptive histiocytomas and juvenile eruptive xanthogranulomas in a 10‐year‐old boy: a potpourri of exotic terms indicating the need for unification

Generalized eruptive histiocytomas and juvenile eruptive xanthogranulomas in a 10‐year‐old boy: a potpourri of exotic terms indicating the need for unification

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis presenting with a rash and arthralgia

Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis

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