Histidine-Stabilized Copper Nanoclusters as a Fluorescent Probe for Selective and Sensitive Determination of Vitamin B12

The quantum dot-FRET-based detection of vitamin B12 at a picomolar level

“…Vitamin B12 (VB12), a well-known micronutrient, is endowed with essential biological roles in the metabolism of cells and maintenance of the nervous system and thus for the protection of human health. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Deciency in the level of VB12 may cause cognitive decline in older humans, metabolic abnormalities, anaemia, psychosis and heart disease, while the consumption of additional VB12 can lead to unexpected adverse effects of toxicity and deciency of folic acid. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Notably, a country-wide study of the physiological reference range and level of VB12 shows that the reference range was 200-900 pg mL À1 , with the limit of the lowest level being 300 pg mL À1 (at present), which may indicate a deciency in VB12 and thus the aforementioned diseases, as in earlier reports.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Deciency in the level of VB12 may cause cognitive decline in older humans, metabolic abnormalities, anaemia, psychosis and heart disease, while the consumption of additional VB12 can lead to unexpected adverse effects of toxicity and deciency of folic acid. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Notably, a country-wide study of the physiological reference range and level of VB12 shows that the reference range was 200-900 pg mL À1 , with the limit of the lowest level being 300 pg mL À1 (at present), which may indicate a deciency in VB12 and thus the aforementioned diseases, as in earlier reports. 5 Thus, accurate analytical measurement of VB12, especially at a picomolar level, is of paramount interest in practical clinical diagnosis.…”

“…5 Traditional approaches, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy, have demonstrated their usefulness for the detection of VB12. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, these methods have drawbacks associated with high equipment costs, time-consuming measurement, complexity in sample preparation and ultra-trace sensitivity issues. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] On the other hand, uorometric detection stands out as an alternative method for the sensitive detection of VB12 due to its ease of sample preparation, and uncomplicated and rapid measurement.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, these methods have drawbacks associated with high equipment costs, time-consuming measurement, complexity in sample preparation and ultra-trace sensitivity issues. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] On the other hand, uorometric detection stands out as an alternative method for the sensitive detection of VB12 due to its ease of sample preparation, and uncomplicated and rapid measurement. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In this regard, several uorescent organic dyes, proteins, carbon-based quantum dots (C-dots), graphene-modied nanostructures, metallic nanoclusters and Cd-based quantum dots (QDs) have been used to detect VB12.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] On the other hand, uorometric detection stands out as an alternative method for the sensitive detection of VB12 due to its ease of sample preparation, and uncomplicated and rapid measurement. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In this regard, several uorescent organic dyes, proteins, carbon-based quantum dots (C-dots), graphene-modied nanostructures, metallic nanoclusters and Cd-based quantum dots (QDs) have been used to detect VB12. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, (i) a combination of graphene selfassembled multilayers (SAMs) and C-dots have demonstrated their usefulness for the detection of VB12, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.58 nM; (ii) the Bombyx mori silk broin uorescent protein was used to detect VB12, with a LOD of 20 nM; (iii) CdTe QDs were used to sense VB12 with a LOD of 11 nM and (iv) Cu nanoclusters have demonstrated their usefulness as a nanoprobe for the detection of VB12 with a LOD of 3.3 nM.…”