Histamine, xanthine oxidase generated oxygen-derived free radicals and Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal inflammation and ulceration

Abstract

These findings support the hypothesis that histamine, xanthine oxidase related ODFR, and H. pylori may be closely associated in the manifestations of chronic duodenal ulcer.

Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Ulcer Disease in the US Population

“…Another study of COPD patients found that the quantity of cigarettes smoked per BMI body-mass index * Minorities are oversampled in the NHIS to improve precision of estimates day was directly related to the incidence of peptic ulceration [3]. These effects may be due to oxygen-derived free radical formation secondary to chronic hypoxia and subsequent gastric and duodenal mucosal damage [11,12]. Patients with renal insufficiency have been noted in small studies to have higher incidence of peptic ulcer disease than controls, notwithstanding hemodialysis [5,6].…”

Therapeutic Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Renaissance Half a Century after the Discovery of Allopurinol

“…There is significant evidence for the pathogenetic role of XO in some (Keshavarzian et al, 1990;Siems et al, 1992;Ben-Hamida et al, 1998) but not all (Clark et al, 1988) murine experimental models of colitis and inflammatory bowel disease and duodenal ulceration. Allopurinol has been shown to be an effective addition to standard 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy in human trials (Salim, 1992;Jarnerot et al, 2000).…”

Helicobacter pylori Activates the Histidine Decarboxylase Promoter through a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Independent of Pathogenicity Island-encoded Virulence Factors

“…Furthermore, we found that oxidative stress, which is commonly increased in ulcerative and inflammatory diseases affecting the gastric mucosa, is capable of transactivating the hHDC promoter in vitro (36). Aside from its ulcerogenic potential, histamine has also been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties in the context of mucosal inflammations, contributes to the healing of ulcerative lesions of the gastric and intestinal mucosa, and has also been shown to stimulate the growth of gastric epithelial cells (37)(38)(39)(40)(41). A current in vivo study demonstrated that H. pylori infection is associated with increased mucosal histamine levels as well as an expansion of the gastric ECL cell lineage (42).…”