Histamine: metabolism, physiology, and pathophysiology with applications in veterinary medicine

Peters, Lisa J.; Kovacic, Jan P.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00434.x

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…These effects are mediated through different histamine receptors including H 1 , H 2 , and H 3 . Species variability exists with location, tissue type, and prevalence of receptor subtypes . All histamine receptors are present in the GI tract, but their predominant action and influence vary.…”

Section: Specific Pharmacological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Whitehead

Cortes

Eirmann

2016

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective -To review the human and veterinary literature regarding gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility disorders in respect to pathogenesis, patient risk factors, and treatment options in critically ill dogs and cats. Etiology -GI dysmotility is a common sequela of critical illness in people and small animals. The most common GI motility disorders in critically ill people and small animals include esophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying, functional intestinal obstruction (ie, ileus), and colonic motility abnormalities. Medical conditions associated with the highest risk of GI dysmotility include mechanical ventilation, sepsis, shock, trauma, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ failure. The incidence and pathophysiology of GI dysmotility in critically ill small animals is incompletely understood. Diagnosis -A presumptive diagnosis of GI dysmotility is often made in high-risk patient populations following detection of persistent regurgitation, vomiting, lack of tolerance of enteral nutrition, abdominal pain, and constipation. Definitive diagnosis is established via radioscintigraphy; however, this diagnostic tool is not readily available and is difficult to perform on small animals. Other diagnostic modalities that have been evaluated include abdominal ultrasonography, radiographic contrast, and tracer studies. Therapy -Therapy is centered at optimizing GI perfusion, enhancement of GI motility, and early enteral nutrition. Pharmacological interventions are instituted to promote gastric emptying and effective intestinal motility and prevention of complications. Promotility agents, including ranitidine/nizatidine, metoclopramide, erythromycin, and cisapride are the mainstays of therapy in small animals. Prognosis -The development of complications related to GI dysmotility (eg, gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration) have been associated with increased mortality risk. Institution of prophylaxic therapy is recommended in high-risk patients, however, no consensus exists regarding optimal timing of initiating prophylaxic measures, preference of treatment, or duration of therapy. The prognosis for affected small animal patients remains unknown. (J Vet Emerg

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Section: Specific Pharmacological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Whitehead

Cortes

Eirmann

2016

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…Levomethadone and levomethadone with metamizole induced antinociception and reduced sevoflurane MAC. Diphenhydramine has been recommended during surgical manipulation of mast cell tumors (MCT), to prevent vasodilation from histamine release (London & Seguin 2003;Peters & Kovacic 2009); however, the pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine have not been determined in dogs.…”

Section: Antinociceptive Effects Of Metamizole and Levomethadone Alonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstracts presented at the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists Spring meeting, 24th–25th April 2014, Nottingham, UK

Restitutti¹,

Raekallio²,

Honkavaara

et al. 2014

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Histamine is released from enterochromaffin‐like (ECL) cells in the gastric mucosa underlying the epithelium and induces secretion of gastric acid by acting on gastric parietal cells via H2 receptors . The monoamine is known to evoke contraction and/or relaxation of smooth muscles existing in various tissues, including the trachea, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract, via H1 and H2 receptors . However, the regulatory roles of histamine in gastric motility are still controversial, as histamine causes a wide variety of responses in smooth muscles depending on the species and/or region of the stomach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 The monoamine is known to evoke contraction and/or relaxation of smooth muscles existing in various tissues, including the trachea, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract, via H1 and H2 receptors. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] However, the regulatory roles of histamine in gastric motility are still controversial, as histamine causes a wide variety of responses in smooth muscles depending on the species and/or region of the stomach. For example, the fundus smooth muscle of the guinea-pig has been shown to contract in response to histamine, [26][27][28][29] whereas that of the rat is almost insensitive (30Huidobro1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%