Histamine and tryptase in nasal lavage fluid following challenge with methacholine and allergen

Abstract

Apparently, there exists a pool of histamine in the human nose that can be transferred to lavage fluid during glandular hypersecretion. The source of this histamine is yet to be identified. As the level of histamine seems to be affected by the secretory activity of nasal glands, we question the use of this single mediator as an index of mast cell/basophil activation in nasal lavage studies.

Vocal Fold Epithelial Barrier in Health and Injury: A Research Review

“…The role that histamine may play in the development of vocal fold allergic disease remains to be elucidated, but the results of the current investigation suggest that histamine has the ability to compromise the integrity of the vocal fold epithelial barrier. Similar findings of histamine-related epithelial dysfunction have also been observed in nasal epithelia (Jacobi et al, 1998; Takeuchi, Kishioka, Ishinaga, Sakakura, & Majima, 2001). Future research may prove useful in identifying histamine as a new pathogenic mechanism for vocal fold epithelial barrier dysfunction.…”

Levocetirizine better protects than desloratadine in a nasal provocation with allergen

“…26,[36][37][38] However, neither levocetirizine nor desloratadine had any effect on the expected postallergen challenge tryptase release (Fig 3, B). 13,39,40 Accordingly, most studies could not demonstrate any inhibitory effect of antihistamines on tryptase increase in nasal lavage fluid, even after a 7-day pretreatment. 26,36 However, a limitation of tryptase secretion was suggested by Jacobi et al 41 after pretreatment for 7 days with topical azelastine (0.14 mg twice daily in each nostril) and cetirizine (10 mg daily).…”

Nasal allergen challenge studies of allergic rhinitis: a guide for the practicing clinician

“…47 Nasal lavage yields a fluid phase, which can be used to quantify mediators and cytokines, and a cellular phase, which can be used for inflammatory cell analysis, such as monitoring eosinophil influx. 7,48,49 Disadvantages of the lavage technique include the previously mentioned dilution of nasal secretions and with it extremely low mediator levels and varying dilution factors. 44 Common methods of correcting the unknown dilution factor include standardizing to total protein, albumin, and secretory IgA, of which total protein is the most stable.…”

“…NAC of allergic individuals has been found to produce nasal symptoms and increase levels of histamine and tryptase in the nose. 7 Nasal congestion can also be objectively measured using acoustic rhinometry or peak nasal inspiratory flow. 8 Thus, NAC has the advantage of focusing on a smaller number of participants at a time, enabling the collection of more detailed data and biological samples.…”