Hispanic Americans living in the United States and their risk for obesity, diabetes and kidney disease: Genetic and environmental considerations

Yracheta, Joseph; Alfonso, Javier; Lanaspa, Miguel A.; Roncal-Jiménez, Carlos A.; Johnson, Sarah; Sánchez‐Lozada, Laura G.; Johnson, Richard J.

doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1021234

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The detection of perilipin A in the plasma EVs from the Hispanic (in our lean control set) with a BMI of 24 kg/m 2 suggests that elevated plasma EV perilipin A is not secondary to obesity, but rather a biomarker of adipocyte health and inflammation. Besides being close to the upper borderline of “lean” BMI, this increase may reflect metabolic dysfunction associated with the increased metabolic disease risk for Hispanics attributed in part to their genetic makeup [40]. Plasma EV perilipin A may, thus, be an obesity-independent indicator of diminished insulin sensitivity, a hypothesis that would require a larger and more comprehensive human study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are novel markers of metabolic stress

et al. 2016

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We recently reported that stressed adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as “find me” signals to promote macrophage migration and activation. In this study we performed a comprehensive characterization of stressed adipocyte-derived EVs, assessing their antigenic composition, lipidomics, and RNA profiles. Perilipin A was identified as one of the adipose-specific proteins and studied as a potential novel biomarker to detect adipocyte-derived EVs in circulation. Circulating EVs were significantly increased in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and in obese humans with Metabolic Syndrome compared to lean controls. This increase was associated with decreased glucose tolerance in the DIO mice and metabolic dysfunction, elevated insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), in the obese humans. EVs from both DIO mice and obese humans were enriched in perilipin A, a central gatekeeper of the adipocyte lipid storehouse and a marker of adipocyte differentiation. In obese humans, circulating levels of EVs enriched in perilipin A were dynamic, decreasing 35% (p<0.05) after a 3-month reduced calorie diet intervention. This translational study provides an extensive characterization of adipocyte-derived EVs. The findings identify perilipin A as a novel biomarker of circulating EVs of adipocyte origin and support the development of circulating perilipin A-positive EVs as indicators of adipose tissue health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are novel markers of metabolic stress

et al. 2016

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“…Some groups, such as male adolescents (aged 12‐19 years), consumed 12% of their overall energy from these drinks . The highest intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages occurs in adolescents, young adults in their 20s, individuals with a lower socioeconomic status , and certain ethnically defined populations, including African American , Hispanic , American Indian and Alaskan Native , and Pacific peoples .…”

Section: Impact Of Liquid Sugars In Human Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Liquid Sugars Different from Solid Sugar in Their Ability to Cause Metabolic Syndrome?

Sundborn

Thornley

Merriman

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective: Intake of sugary drinks, especially soft drinks, carries increased risk for obesity and diabetes. This article reviews whether sugary drinks carry different risks for metabolic syndrome compared with foods that contain natural or added sugars. Methods: A narrative review was performed to evaluate differences between liquid and solid sugars in their ability to induce metabolic syndrome and to discuss potential mechanisms to account for the differences. Results: Epidemiological studies support liquid added sugars, such as soft drinks, as carrying greater risk for development of metabolic syndrome compared with solid sugar. Some studies suggest that fruit juice may also confer relatively higher risk for weight gain and insulin resistance compared with natural fruits. Experimental evidence suggests this may be due to differences in how fructose is metabolized. Fructose induces metabolic disease by reducing the energy levels in liver cells, mediated by the concentration of fructose to which the cells are exposed. The concentration relates to the quantity and speed at which fructose is ingested, absorbed, and metabolized. Conclusions: Although reduced intake of added sugars (sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup) remains a general recommendation, there is evidence that sugary soft drinks may provide greater health risks relative to sugar-containing foods.

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“…This syndrome comprises a group of conditions such as diabetes, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, among others, which by themselves are prevalent in the Latino community and recognized as risk factors of AD and related dementias [48] (Table 2). Obesity and diabetes have been found to be prevalent in Latinos at alarming rates [54, 55]. Studies involving a Latino cohort in California indicated that 96% of women and 73% of men with metabolic syndrome had abdominal obesity using the conventional 102/88 cm threshold [53].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Ad In the Latino Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease in the Latino Community: Intersection of Genetics and Social Determinants of Health

Vega

Cabrera

Wygant

et al. 2017

JAD

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among individuals 65 or older. There are more than 5 million diagnosed cases in the US alone and this number is expected to triple by 2050. Therefore, AD has reached epidemic proportions with significant socioeconomic implications. While aging in general is the greatest risk factor for AD, several additional demographic factors that have contributed to the rise in AD in the US are under study. One such factor is associated with the relatively fast growth of the Latino population. Several reports indicate that AD is more prevalent among blacks and Latinos. However, the reason for AD disparity among different ethnic groups is still poorly understood and highly controversial. The Latino population is composed of different groups based on nationality, namely South and Central America, Mexico, and Caribbean Hispanics. This diversity among the Latino population represents an additional challenge since there are distinct characteristics associated with AD and comorbidities. In this review, we aim to bring attention to the intersection between social determinants of health and genetic factors associated with AD within the Latino community. We argue that understanding the interplay between identified social determinants of health, co-morbidities, and genetic factors could lead to community empowerment and inclusiveness in research and healthcare services, contributing to improved diagnosis and treatment of AD patients. Lastly, we propose that inserting a neuroethics perspective could help understand key challenges that influence healthcare disparities and contribute to increased risk of AD among Latinos.

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Hispanic Americans living in the United States and their risk for obesity, diabetes and kidney disease: Genetic and environmental considerations

Cited by 19 publications

References 88 publications

Circulating adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are novel markers of metabolic stress

Circulating adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are novel markers of metabolic stress

Are Liquid Sugars Different from Solid Sugar in Their Ability to Cause Metabolic Syndrome?

Alzheimer’s Disease in the Latino Community: Intersection of Genetics and Social Determinants of Health

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