HIRIS rocketborne spectra of infrared fluorescence in the O<sub>3</sub>(ν<sub>3</sub>) band near 100 km

Rawlins, W. T.; Caledonia, G. E.; Gibson, Jamie; Stair, A. T.

doi:10.1029/ja090ia03p02896

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Representative limb spectra between 9 and 12 #m are shown in Figure 1 for selected tangent altitudes in a single, sunlit spatial scan. The characteristic spectral feature which is observed in this wavelength region has the intensity, spectral structure, and altitude dependence expected for the O3(v3) band as previously identified in rocket-borne [Stair et al, 1974;Stair et al, 1983;Rawlins et al, 1985] and laboratory [Rawlins et al, 1981b] measurements. This identification is further borne out by the detailed spectroscopic analysis de- result is obtained from inspection of the SPIRE CO2(¾2) limb radiances at 15 #m [Stair et al, 1985;Caledonia et al, 1985].…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

Diurnal variability of vibrationally excited mesospheric ozone as observed during the SPIRE Mission

Green¹,

Rawlins²,

Nadile³

1986

J. Geophys. Res.

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Spectrally resolved observations of infrared fluorescence (9–12 µm) from mesospheric ozone in the earth limb have been analyzed to deduce local excited vibrational state number densities as functions of altitude and solar illumination between 70 and 105 km. The nighttime and insolated quiescent polar atmospheres were sampled near the dawn terminator by a rocket‐borne cryogenic scanning filter spectrometer. Both the total intensity and the spectral distribution of the ozone fluorescence were observed to change after sunrise. The deduced vibrational populations revealed that this change was primarily due to a daytime reduction in the population of O3 (υ = 1), which is excited directly from ground state O3 by resonance absorption of earth radiation. In contrast, higher vibrational levels, formed by three‐body recombination of O and O2, show diurnal variations only at the lower altitudes, where the atomic oxygen concentration is expected to increase upon insolation. Thus the O3 (υ) fluorescence appears to be closely coupled to the local photochemical behavior of O and O3 near the mesopause.

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supporting

confidence: 69%

Diurnal variability of vibrationally excited mesospheric ozone as observed during the SPIRE Mission

Green¹,

Rawlins²,

Nadile³

1986

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Enhancement of O 3 (v¸3) number densities in the vicinity of a strong auroral arc was suggested as one possible explanation for a discrepancy between full-limb and partial-limb column density results observed in the SPIRIT 1 experiment. 86 These conclusionsare consistent with observations of electron beam-enhanced O 3 (º 3 ) emission reportedby Paulsen et al 42 during an arti cially induced aurora. Unfortunately, a detailed analysis of the CIRRIS auroral spectra in the ozone hot band region has yet to be carried out.…”

Section: Auroral Emissionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Wise

Smith

Wheeler

et al. 2001

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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The cryogenic infrared radiance instrumentation for shuttle (CIRRIS) experiment was own onboard STS-39 from 29 April to 1 May 1991. A comprehensive set of spectral and spatial infrared data of atmospheric and Earth terrain data was collected by an interferometer and radiometer. The mission occurred during a major geomagnetic storm (K p ->5), and as a result, a substantial amount of spectral data on bright auroral backgrounds were collected in the midnight sector of the auroral oval. The coincidental timing of the CIRRIS mission, only a few weeks before the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (June 1991), substantially increased the value of the stratospheric data from CIRRIS, which now serves as a clean atmosphere baseline against which various post-Pinatubo observations can be compared to assess the short-and long-term effects of a major volcanic eruption on the stratosphere. In addition, there were a number of unexpected and important scienti c discoveries that resulted from analysis of the CIRRIS high-resolution Earthlimb emission spectra including the identi cation of an important new class of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emissions resulting from highly rotationally excited diatomic species (OH, NO and NO + ) in the mesosphere and thermosphere. These nonthermal rotational emissions were observed for both day and nighttime conditionsand were not included in or predicted by existing atmosphericmodels before the CIRRIS ight. A brief overview of the instrumentation and data collection methods is presented. A general review of the CIRRIS data and a summary of the most signi cant ndings previously reported by various groups are also presented. IntroductionScienti c Objectives T HIS paper summarizes the results and major ndings from the cryogenic infrared radiance instrumentation for shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) experiment that was own onboard STS-39 between 29 April and 1 May 1991. This study consisted of a global infrared remote sensing survey that sampled the atmosphere from the nadir up through the Earthlimb to shuttle altitudes of 260 km in the 2.5-25 ¹m wavelength region. The primary objective of this experiment was to obtain simultaneous spectral and spatial measurements of atmospheric emissions for altitudes between 0 and 150 km. Atmospheric species of interest included water, hydroxyl, nitric oxide, ozone, and carbon dioxide during day and night under various levels of geomagnetic activity. Observations covered a range of latitudes from approximately ¡68 to C68 deg during moderate to active geomagnetic activity (K p D 3-7) and also when bright aurora were observed. Data were collected from numerous strong atmospheric emitters, such as OH at 2.7 ¹m and CO 2 at 4.3 and 15 ¹m, NO at 5.3 ¹m, O 3 at 9.6 ¹m, and H 2 O at 6.3 ¹m and in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) region. Many other trace species were also measured, such as CFC-11 and CFC-12, HNO 3 , CH 4 , and CO. Data were taken simultaneously by three infrared (IR) instruments: 1) an interferometer with an eight position lter wheel, 2) a lter radiometer with 7 wide...

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“…Rawlins et al [1985] derived a statistical vibrational distribution which decreases with excitation. This approach was used by Mlynczak and Drayson [1990a] (Simple Single Model), Fichet et al [1992], and Zhou et al [1998]; (2) An ''inverse Rawlins distribution'' (F. J.…”

Section: Non-lte Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several rocket borne measurements of mesospheric ozone infrared emissions have been performed [e.g., Rawlins et al, 1985;Green et al, 1986;Grossmann and Vollmann, 1997]. Global upper mesospheric ozone infrared emission measurements have been analyzed by Zhou et al [1998] and Mill et al [1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] The main difficulty of deriving ozone from its infrared emissions is to model the occupancy of its vibrational states, which are in nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) [Rawlins et al, 1985;Solomon et al, 1986;Drayson, 1990a, 1990b;Adler-Golden et al, 1992;Manuilova and Shved, 1992;Manuilova et al, 1998]. There are basically two reasons for the breakdown of LTE for the ozone n 3 vibrational mode (9.6 mm) in the UMLT: Vibrationally excited molecules are produced in the recombination reaction (O 2 + O !…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite observations of daytime and nighttime ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

et al. 2003

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[1] The global distribution of mesospheric and lower thermospheric ozone 9.6 mm infrared emissions was measured by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment during two Space Shuttle missions in November 1994 and August 1997. The radiances measured by CRISTA have been inverted to O 3 number densities in the 50-95 km range by using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium model. A detailed sensitivity study of retrieved O 3 number densities has been carried out. The ozone abundance profiles show volume mixing ratios of 1-2 ppmv at the stratopause, 0.5 ppmv or less around 80 km, and typically 1 ppmv during daytime and 10 ppmv during nighttime at the secondary maximum. The agreement with other experiments is typically better than 25%. The global distribution of upper mesospheric ozone shows significant latitudinal gradients and an enhancement in the equatorial upper mesosphere. At the polar night terminator a third ozone maximum is observed. Three-dimensional model results indicate that the latitudinal gradients are significantly influenced by solar tides.

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HIRIS rocketborne spectra of infrared fluorescence in the O₃(ν₃) band near 100 km

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Diurnal variability of vibrationally excited mesospheric ozone as observed during the SPIRE Mission

Diurnal variability of vibrationally excited mesospheric ozone as observed during the SPIRE Mission

Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Satellite observations of daytime and nighttime ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

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HIRIS rocketborne spectra of infrared fluorescence in the O3(ν3) band near 100 km

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Diurnal variability of vibrationally excited mesospheric ozone as observed during the SPIRE Mission

Diurnal variability of vibrationally excited mesospheric ozone as observed during the SPIRE Mission

Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Satellite observations of daytime and nighttime ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

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Product

Resources

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HIRIS rocketborne spectra of infrared fluorescence in the O₃(ν₃) band near 100 km