Hippocampus and Amygdala Morphology in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Plessen, Kerstin J.; Bansal, Ravi; Zhu, Hongtu; Whiteman, Ronald C.; Amat, José; Quackenbush, Georgette; Martin, Laura; Durkin, Kathleen; Blair, Clancy; Royal, Jason; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Peterson, Bradley S.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.795

Cited by 301 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Not only does our work complement several lines of evidence converging to hippocampal implication in patients with ADHD (Plessen et al, 2006;Posner et al, 2013Posner et al, , 2014Ho et al, 2015;Rivero et al, 2015), but also it extends these findings with respect to functional connectivity. In line with our asymmetry results, Posner and colleagues (Posner et al, 2014) found reduced volume and functional connectivity in the left hippocampus of ADHD children with respect to controls, and associated these modifications with depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Inter-hemispherical asymmetry in default-mode functional connectivity and BAIAP2 gene are associated with anger expression in ADHD adults

Hasler

Preti

Meskaldji

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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A B S T R A C TAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by resting-state alterations, including abnormal activity, connectivity and asymmetry of the default-mode network (DMN). Concurrently, recent studies suggested a link between ADHD and the presence of polymorphisms within the gene BAIAP2 (i.e., brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2), known to be differentially expressed in brain hemispheres. The clinical and neuroimaging correlates of this polymorphism are still unknown. We investigated the association between BAIAP2 polymorphisms and DMN functional connectivity (FC) asymmetry as well as behavioral measures in ADHD adults. Resting-state fMRI was acquired from 30 ADHD and 15 healthy adults. For each subject, rs7210438 and rs8079626 within the gene BAIAP2 were genotyped. ADHD severity, impulsiveness and anger were assessed for the ADHD group. Using multivariate analysis of variance, we found that genetic features do have an impact on DMN FC asymmetry. In particular, polymorphism rs8079626 affects medial frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule connectivity asymmetry, lower for AA than AG/GG carriers. Further, when combining FC asymmetry and the presence of the rs8079626 variant, we successfully predicted increased externalization of anger in ADHD. In conclusion, a complex interplay between genetic vulnerability and interhemispherical DMN FC asymmetry plays a role in emotion regulation in adult ADHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Inter-hemispherical asymmetry in default-mode functional connectivity and BAIAP2 gene are associated with anger expression in ADHD adults

Hasler

Preti

Meskaldji

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…Thus, our study clearly differs from previous studies both in the task and in the findings, pointing to hippocampal involvement in SR mechanisms involved in attention rather than to the WM processes implicated in those previous studies. The involvement of hippocampus as an attention controller is further supported by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Lindauer et al, 2006) and ADHD (Plessen et al, 2006). In summary, comparing the WMQ and WMN tasks of the present study, results demonstrate higher BOLD activity in the WMQ condition except in the bilateral anterior cerebellum, right posterior cerebellum, and left hippocampus.…”

Section: Comparing Wmq and Wmnsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hippocampal-cerebellar involvement in enhancement of performance in word-based BRT with the presence of background noise: An initial fMRI study.

Manan¹,

Franz²,

Yusoff³

et al. 2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Background noise may impose deleterious effects on cognitive processing. However, noise below the threshold level may increase the ability to detect stimuli via stochastic resonance mechanisms (SR). The present study investigates whether task performance is deteriorated or enhanced by 5-dB SNR and, if the task performance is enhanced, whether this facilitation in performance points to a particular neural area that serves to attenuate noise and/or increase effective task performance. The areas of interest are the cerebellum and hippocampus due to their roles in working memory (WM) and their links with attention. Fifteen healthy young Malay adults performed three tasks during fMRI scanning: listening to babble noise (N), WM task in quiet (WMQ), and WM task in noise (WMN). Activated regions during N are bilateral STG and MTG. Both WM tasks produced similar activation in a network of areas in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. However, the two tasks demonstrated marked differences in the left hippocampus, right posterior cerebellum, and bilateral anterior cerebellum. Moreover, the results obtained from the behavioral task demonstrated that participants responded better in the presence of noise. These results support the hypothesis that the left hippocampus, right posterior cerebellum, and bilateral anterior cerebellum may be involved in attenuating noise and/or increasing attention to task performance, which could be due to SR mechanisms operating in the presence of noise. These results collectively suggest leftward asymmetries during the tasks with the right posterior cerebellum, bilateral anterior cerebellum, and left hippocampus providing compensatory attention processes, at least in the context of this study.

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“…35 Moreover, genetic variants of PTPRD associate with bronchial asthma, 36 which is reported to occur at higher rates in children with ADHD, 37 and RLS patients have been shown to have increased use of asthma medications. 38 Studies of the PTPRD gene in mice show high expression in the hippocampus, the only brain region reported to be enlarged in ADHD, 39 along with involvement in spatial learning, long-term potentiation and axonal guidance of motor neurons. [40][41][42] Catecholaminergic neurotransmission is widely studied in ADHD and has yielded several candidate genes conferring a small amount of risk, suggesting a potential role for additional neurotransmitter systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare structural variants found in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are preferentially associated with neurodevelopmental genes

et al. 2009

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable disorder, but specific genetic factors underlying risk remain elusive. To assess the role of structural variation in ADHD, we identified 222 inherited copy number variations (CNVs) within 335 ADHD patients and their parents that were not detected in 2026 unrelated healthy individuals. Although no excess CNVs, either deletions or duplications, were found in the ADHD cohort relative to controls, the inherited rare CNV-associated gene set was significantly enriched for genes reported as candidates in studies of autism, schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome, including A2BP1, AUTS2, CNTNAP2 and IMMP2L. The ADHD CNV gene set was also significantly enriched for genes known to be important for psychological and neurological functions, including learning, behavior, synaptic transmission and central nervous system development. Four independent deletions were located within the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene, PTPRD, recently implicated as a candidate gene for restless legs syndrome, which frequently presents with ADHD. A deletion within the glutamate receptor gene, GRM5, was found in an affected parent and all three affected offspring whose ADHD phenotypes closely resembled those of the GRM5 null mouse. Together, these results suggest that rare inherited structural variations play an important role in ADHD development and indicate a set of putative candidate genes for further study in the etiology of ADHD.

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Hippocampus and Amygdala Morphology in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 301 publications

References 139 publications

Inter-hemispherical asymmetry in default-mode functional connectivity and BAIAP2 gene are associated with anger expression in ADHD adults

Inter-hemispherical asymmetry in default-mode functional connectivity and BAIAP2 gene are associated with anger expression in ADHD adults

Hippocampal-cerebellar involvement in enhancement of performance in word-based BRT with the presence of background noise: An initial fMRI study.

Rare structural variants found in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are preferentially associated with neurodevelopmental genes

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