Hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Summarizing the data from functional neuroimaging studies

Cohen, Neal J.; Ryan, Jennifer D.; Hunt, Caroline; Romine, Lorene E.; Wszalek, Tracey; Nash, Courtney

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1999)9:1<83::aid-hipo9>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 338 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Supporting evidence is provided by a number of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings of left hippocampal involvement in verbal memory processing (Helmstaedter et al, 1997;Wagner et al, 1998). In addition, relational processing which is taken to underlie pattern-based learning (Gomez and Gerken, 2000) also appears to be a function of the hippocampal system as indicated by a wide range of fMRI studies (Cohen et al, 1999;Schacter and Wagner, 1999). Furthermore, it has been suggested that relational processes based on perceptual similarity can operate in parallel to abstract rule learning (Smith et al, 1998;Strange et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of the hippocampal system and the prefrontal cortex in learning language-like rules

2003

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One of the most influential views on the hippocampal function suggests that this brain region is critically involved in relational memory processing, that is, binding converging inputs to mediate the representation of relationships among the constituents of episodes. It has been proposed that this binding is automatic and obligatory during learning and remembering In addition, neuroimaging studies have highlighted the importance of the prefrontal cortex, in learning, memory, and language processing. However, the posited importance of hippocampalprefrontal interaction remains to be empirically tested. In the present study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine in detail this interaction by assessing learning-related changes in hemodynamic activity during artificial language acquisition. It has been shown previously that artificial grammar systems might be learned by evaluating pattern-based relations in word sequences and generalizing beyond specific word order, that is, rule abstraction. During scanning, participants learned an artificial language whose miniature grammar meets the universal principles of a natural language. Increased proficiency level of the artificial language is associated with decreased left hippocampal activity. In contrast, we observed an increased recruitment of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area), a region that contributes to syntax processing in natural language. The present results, therefore, indicate a learning-related change in brain circuitry underlying relational processes of language learning, with a transition from a similarity-based learning system in the medial temporal lobes to a language-related processing system in the left prefrontal cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of the hippocampal system and the prefrontal cortex in learning language-like rules

2003

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“…This relationship was greater between odor identification and the left hippocampal gray volumes than between odor identification scores and the volume of the right hippocampal region. The lateralization is of interest given the recent neuroimaging findings of greater brain activation during verbally mediated tasks on the left side of the brain and to nonverbal tasks on the right (Cohen et al, 1999;Martin, 1999). The degree to which the hippocampus and surrounding areas (entorhinal and parahippocampal areas) contribute to episodic and semantic memory processes is a topic of interest and discussion (Squire, 1992;Tulving et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Nyberg et al (1996) observed more hippocampal system activation for words encoded semantically than for words encoded perceptually, greater recall for semantically encoded words, and a strong positive correlation between recall performance and hippocampal activation. Cohen et al (1999) have argued that the two types of evidence, neuropsychological and neuroimaging, rather than being in conflict, tend to support a larger role for the hippocampus and indeed the parahippocampal area in relational memory processing, binding together multiple streams of information. The present findings would be consistent with the hypothesis that performance on odor identification tasks is, in part, verbally mediated and that the deficit that is tapped in the AD patients by odor identification tasks reflects their impairment in odor encoding, verbal memory, and associative binding of odor and verbal information required for successful performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left hippocampal volume loss in Alzheimer's disease is reflected in performance on odor identification: A structural MRI study

Murphy

Jernigan

Fennema-Notestine

2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

120

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The very high sensitivity and specificity of odor identification tasks in discriminating between Alzheimer's patients and normals suggests that they reflect the presence of underlying neuropathology. Significant neuropathological changes are seen in areas critical to processing olfactory information, even in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study was designed to investigate whether performance on olfactory tasks (odor threshold and odor identification) was related to volumetric MRI measures of mesial temporal areas central to olfactory information processing and important in the neuropathology of AD. Participants were 8 male and 5 female patients with probable AD, and 10 male and 12 female normal age-matched controls, diagnosed at the UCSD Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The study investigated correlations between volumetric measures of hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala, and the psychophysical measures of olfactory function. Robust relationships were observed between mesial temporal lobe volumes and olfactory functional measures. The finding of a strong relationship between left hippocampal volume and performance on the odor identification task (r 5 .85) is compatible with a left-hemisphere superiority for verbally mediated olfactory tasks. The findings suggest a neural substrate for the breakdown in functional performance on verbally mediated odor identification tasks in Alzheimer's disease and suggest the utility of quantitative MRI measures and psychophysical performance in the assessment of AD. These results support the potential clinical utility of inclusion of odor identification tests in diagnostic batteries for detecting AD. (JINS, 2003, 9, 459-471.)

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“…An alternative view proposes that these structures are particularly involved in binding events to the contexts in which they occur, with explicit/declarative memory being a special case of such contextual or relational memory (Cohen and Eichenbaum, 1993;Cohen et al, 1999;O'Reilly and Rudy, 2001;Rudy and Sutherland, 1995). Consider learning a list of words in a certain context such as a particular experimental room.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Sequential Priming in Organic and Pharmacological Amnesia: A Role for the Medial Temporal Lobes in Implicit Contextual Learning

Shanks

Channon

Wilkinson

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We examined learning and expression of contextual implicit learning of a sequence of targets in a speeded target-detection task in amnesic and control participants. Amnesia was of organic origin in one participant group and induced psychopharmacologically (diazepam 7.5 or 15 mg) in another. Although the amnesic groups were able to learn the target sequence normally, their expression of sequence knowledge (priming) was attenuated when contextual support was limited. This was evaluated by studying response latencies for targets primed by between 0 and 5 preceding context locations. Whereas control participants showed priming when the current target location was primed by only two previous locations, priming was eliminated with two (but not four) previous locations by a low dose of diazepam and was eliminated even with four elements of context under a high dose of diazepam and in amnesia of organic origin. The results suggest that a function of the hippocampal memory system is to support contextual learning and performance, even when that learning is nondeclarative.

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Hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Summarizing the data from functional neuroimaging studies

Cited by 338 publications

References 45 publications

Interactions of the hippocampal system and the prefrontal cortex in learning language-like rules

Interactions of the hippocampal system and the prefrontal cortex in learning language-like rules

Left hippocampal volume loss in Alzheimer's disease is reflected in performance on odor identification: A structural MRI study

Disruption of Sequential Priming in Organic and Pharmacological Amnesia: A Role for the Medial Temporal Lobes in Implicit Contextual Learning

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