Hippocampal Plasticity in Response to Exercise in Schizophrenia

Pajonk, Frank-Gerald; Wobrock, Thomas; Gruber, Oliver; Scherk, Harald; Berner, Dorothea; Kaizl, Inge; Kierer, Astrid; Müller, Stephanie; Oest, Martin; Meyer, Tim; Backens, M.; Schneider‐Axmann, Thomas; Thornton, Allen E.; Honer, William G.; Falkai, Peter

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.193

Cited by 504 publications

(450 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…19 The mechanisms through which physical exercise improves the symptoms of schizophrenia are not fully understood; however, a previous study showed that aerobic training increases hippocampal volume. 6 This finding suggests that exercise improves the neuroplasticity and mental health of patients with schizophrenia. 20 The molecular pathway activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are related to neuroplasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2,3 A recent systematic review demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia who participate less in physical activities have experience more negative symptoms, antipsychotic side effects, low selfefficacy, and other unhealthy lifestyle habits. 4 The important mental and physical benefits of exercise in patients with schizophrenia include improvement of symptoms, 5,6 a decreased need for care, 7 improved quality of life, 8 increased cardiorespiratory capacity, 9 increased muscle strength, 10 and increased functional capacity. 5 Studies of physical exercise among patients with schizophrenia have examined aerobic exercise, 6,9,11 which is characterized by repeated rhythmic movements of the large muscle groups of the body, such as those in the arms and legs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The important mental and physical benefits of exercise in patients with schizophrenia include improvement of symptoms, 5,6 a decreased need for care, 7 improved quality of life, 8 increased cardiorespiratory capacity, 9 increased muscle strength, 10 and increased functional capacity. 5 Studies of physical exercise among patients with schizophrenia have examined aerobic exercise, 6,9,11 which is characterized by repeated rhythmic movements of the large muscle groups of the body, such as those in the arms and legs. Aerobic exercise mostly uses aerobic metabolism to produce energy; its adaptations are related to increases in maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) and the ability of skeletal muscles to generate energy via oxidative metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial

Silva

Cassilhas

Àttux

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of 20 weeks of resistance and concurrent training on psychotic and depressive symptoms, quality of life outcomes, and serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 34 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to one of three groups: control (CTRL, n=13), resistance exercise (RESEX, n=12), or concurrent exercise (CONCEX, n=9). Symptoms, quality of life, strength, and other variables were assessed. Results: A significant time-by-group interaction was found for the RESEX and CONCEX groups on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score for disease symptoms (p = 0.007), positive symptoms (p = 0.003), and on the arm extension one-repetition maximum (1RM) test (p = 0.016). In addition, significant improvements on negative symptoms (p = 0.027), on the role-physical domain of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (p = 0.019), and on the chest press 1RM test (p = 0.040) were observed in the RESEX group. No changes were observed for the other variables investigated. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with schizophrenia, 20 weeks of resistance or concurrent exercise program improved disease symptoms, strength, and quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01674543.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial

Silva

Cassilhas

Àttux

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…Short-term aerobic fitness has been demonstrated to significantly increase hippocampal volume in individuals with schizophrenia and the increase in hippocampal volume was correlated with the N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio, as well as test scores in short-term memory [120]. The salutary effects of exercise in the AL mediators provide the basis for hypothesizing that exercise could reverse some of the deleterious effects of AL in BD.…”

Section: Five-year Viewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insulin dysfunction and allostatic load in bipolar disorder

Brietzke

Kapczinski

Grassi‐Oliveira

et al. 2011

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with substantial morbidity, as well as premature mortality. Available evidence indicates that 'stress-sensitive' chronic medical disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, are critical mediators and/or moderators of BD. Changes in physiologic systems implicated in allostasis have been proposed to impact brain structures and neurocognition, as well as medical comorbidity in this population. For example, abnormalities in insulin physiology, for example, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and central insulinopenia, are implicated as effectors of allostatic load in BD. Insulin's critical role in CNS physiological (e.g., neurotrophism and synaptic plasticity) and pathophysiological (e.g., neurocognitive deficits, pro-apoptosis and amyloid deposition) processes is amply documented. This article introduces the concept that insulin is a mediator of allostatic load in the BD and possibly a therapeutic target.

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“…Recent evidence suggests that volume reduction in the hippocampus correlates with episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia [1]. Aerobic exercise comprising endurance training alone or in combination with cognitive training was demonstrated to increase hippocampal volume, N-acetyl-aspartate/creatinine ratio, to improve episodic memory in schizophrenia patients and working memory in major depression [2][3][4] and thus is promising to contribute to recovery. However, our subsequent study in a larger cohort of chronic schizophrenia patients that combined endurance training with cognitive remediation for a period of 3 months did not replicate hippocampal findings, but found the volume of the left temporal cortex to be increased [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%