“…At the cellular level, voluntary running promotes adult NSC activation (Dong et al, 2019), increases NSC and IPC proliferation (van Praag et al, 1999), elevates immature neuron survival (Snyder et al, 2009), accelerates morphological maturation (Eadie et al, 2005;Sah et al, 2017;Steib et al, 2014), and enhances integration of new neurons (Deshpande et al, 2013;Piatti et al, 2011;Trinchero et al, 2017;Vivar et al, 2016). In fact, voluntary running is one of the most effective methods for reversing the negative impact of aging and neurodegeneration on both adult neurogenesis and cognitive impairment (Berchtold et al, 2019;Trinchero et al, 2017). However, the mechanism underlying the effect of voluntary running on adult hippocampal neurogenesis remains poorly understood.…”