Hippocampal Free Amino Acids in Alzheimer's Disease

Tarbit, I; Perry, Elaine K.; Perry, Robert H.; Blessed, G.; Tomlinson, Bernard E.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07883.x

Cited by 73 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Postmortem and biopsy studies have noted decreases in the tissue concentration of glutamate [18] and aspartate [19], as well as in the number of NMDA receptors [9]. However, other authors found no differences in glutamatergic tissue between AD patients and controls [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Alanyl-Aminopeptidase Activity Decrease in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer Patients

Iribar¹,

Montes²,

Maldonado³

et al. 1997

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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We analyzed the amino acid concentrations and aminopeptidase activities in plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer patients. Correlations were calculated between these parameters and the degree of cognitive impairment, duration of the disease and age. In comparison with a control group, no changes were found in the levels of amino acids in CSF or plasma of Alzheimer patients. Alanyl-aminopeptidase activity was significantly lower in the CSF of Alzheimer patients, whereas no differences in CSF were detected as regards the remaining aminopeptidases. The plasma/CSF ratio for aminopeptidase activities was higher in AD patients than in controls, although the difference was only significant for alanyl-aminopeptidase. Amino acid ratios did not show this general tendency. The correlations between plasma aspartate and glutamate concentrations and the stage of the disease, measured with the Mini Mental State Examination, were studied. Changes in aminopeptidase activities and their role in protein dysfunction underlying Alzheimer disease are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Alanyl-Aminopeptidase Activity Decrease in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer Patients

Iribar¹,

Montes²,

Maldonado³

et al. 1997

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Tarbit, I. et al [20] have examined amino acid composition of brain tissue and proved a useful examination. The change in γ-aminobutryic acid concentration was also found.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Studies of Different Human Body Disorders Using FTIR Spectroscopy

Kumar¹,

Reena²,

Chaudhary³

et al. 2014

OJAppS

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Some of the important features of the bands occur in the present study. The band called amide A is available in all the diseased and healthy controls and the frequency of the band ranges from 3380 cm −1 to 3480.74 cm −1 . The band due to C-H band and called hydrocarbon band was found only in paralytic and Alzheimer diseased along with normal healthy controls. Carbide band (C=C) is found only in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, paralytic and Alzheimer's disease patients. Amide I was intact in all disorders with normal persons. Peroxide band (O-O) was found in all the cases of study. Amide IV band was found in paralytic, muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's diseases and normal controls. The amide V band was found in Alzheimer's diseases only. The appearance or disappearance of the bands is a good sign to understand the mechanisms at the molecular level. FTIR spectroscopy may help in the diagnosis of the disease at the early stage of the onset. This spectroscopy can be used nicely for the study of hair, vaginal fluid, nails, urine, mucus, semen, synovial fluid, blood, hemoproteins, skin, and tears for human beings. We can also use it to understand the effect of adulteration on food and paint technology. FTIR is an indicator to explore the changes occurring at molecular level.

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“…Thus, in view of the importance of collecting more useful information on the biochemical features characterizing the neurodegeneration in AD, we analyzed the variations in the patterns of free amino acids and related compounds in brain extracts in the disease with respect to AC. In the light of previous works on this matter [6], the described data are also employed to establish a correlation between such amino acids variation and the modification of their function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease: amino acid levels and brain metabolic status

2013

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To study brain free amino acids and their relation with dementia we measured, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the concentration of eight free amino acids, amines and related compounds. We used temporal cortex (TC) samples obtained from 13 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and an equal number of agematched controls (AC). The patterns of free amino acids, amines and related compounds showed significant quantitative changes in AD conditions with respect to healthy ones. In Alzheimer patients, lower levels of GABA were found in the TC (-57 %). Amino acids glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) concentrations, also appeared significantly reduced in the TC of AD patients (Glu: -30 %; Asp: -40 %) when compared with controls. The significant gap between methionine (Met: -30 %) and cystathionine (Cysta: ?60 %) levels in TC of AD people to controls, might suggest an under/over activity of the transmethylation and transsulphuration pathways, respectively. Glutamine (Gln) and Urea were an exception to this trend because their content was higher in AD patients than in controls. Albeit these compounds may have particular physiological roles, including the possible mediation of synaptic transmission, changes in amino acid levels and related compounds (detected in steady state) suggest a modified metabolic status in brains of AD patients that reveals a reduced function of synaptic transmission. Because several evidences show that patients might display quite different concentrations of neurotransmitters in brain areas, assessing metabolites in different and well-characterized AD stages should be investigated further.

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Hippocampal Free Amino Acids in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Alanyl-Aminopeptidase Activity Decrease in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer Patients

Alanyl-Aminopeptidase Activity Decrease in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer Patients

Vibrational Studies of Different Human Body Disorders Using FTIR Spectroscopy

Alzheimer’s disease: amino acid levels and brain metabolic status

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