Hippocampal Deformities in Schizophrenia Characterized by High Dimensional Brain Mapping

Csernansky, John G.; Wang, Lei; Lloyd‐Jones, Donald M.; Rastogi-Cruz, Devna; Posener, Joel A.; Heydebrand, Gitry; Miller, J. Philip; Miller, Michael I.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2000

Cited by 205 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In line with a recent study that reported greater hippocampal shape alterations in patients with schizophrenia and prior comorbid alcohol use disorders (Smith et al, 2011), we hypothesised that cannabis use would exert an additional effect on the hippocampal pathology typically observed in schizophrenia, particularly in the anterior hippocampus (Csernansky et al, 2002;Small et al, 2011;Tamminga et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Alteration to hippocampal shape in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia

Solowij

Walterfang

Lubman

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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Abnormalities in hippocampal morphology are characteristic of schizophrenia and have also been reported in chronic cannabis users. There is a paucity of research investigating potential additive effects of cannabis use on brain pathology associated with schizophrenia. In this study, we performed hippocampal shape analysis in cannabis-using and non-using patients with schizophrenia, healthy cannabis users and healthy non-using controls. Hippocampal shape changes were observed in each group relative to controls, with the greatest degree of alterations (i.e., deflations across the hippocampus, and with an anterior predisposition), in cannabis-using schizophrenia patients. These alterations were associated with cannabis use patterns and psychotic symptoms. AbstractAbnormalities in hippocampal morphology are characteristic of schizophrenia and have also been reported in chronic cannabis users. There is a paucity of research investigating potential additive effects of cannabis use on brain pathology associated with schizophrenia. In this study we performed hippocampal shape analysis in cannabis-using and non-using patients with schizophrenia, healthy cannabis users and healthy non-using controls. Hippocampal shape changes were observed in each group relative to controls, with the greatest degree of alterations (i.e., deflations across the hippocampus, and with an anterior predisposition), in cannabis-using schizophrenia patients. These alterations were associated with cannabis use patterns and psychotic symptoms.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Alteration to hippocampal shape in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia

Solowij

Walterfang

Lubman

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Previously we also found a general lack of correlation of volume or shape measures with clinical symptoms or cognitive function in the thalamus, hippocampus, and basal ganglia (Csernansky et al, 2002(Csernansky et al, , 2004Andrews et al, 2006;Mamah et al, 2007). An absence of correlation between thalamic volume and clinical measures has also been reported in other studies (Gilbert et al, 2001;Ettinger et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings

Harms

Wang²,

Mamah³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Deficits in the volume of the thalamus have been observed in both individuals with schizophrenia and their nonpsychotic relatives. However, no studies to date have examined the underlying pattern of thalamic shape change in relatives of individuals with schizophrenia. This study examined the volume and shape of the thalamus in schizophrenia subjects, their siblings, and healthy control individuals. T1-weighted magnetic resonance scans were collected in a group of young subjects with schizophrenia (mean age, 23 years) and their nonpsychotic siblings (n ϭ 25 pairs), and control subjects and their siblings (n ϭ 40 pairs). Thalamic surfaces were generated using high-dimensional brain mapping. A canonical weighting function was derived from the contrast between schizophrenia and control subjects and then used to generate a canonical shape score for all subjects. Maps of the estimated surface displacement between groups were also created to visualize the thalamic shape differences between groups. The thalamic canonical scores of the siblings of the schizophrenia probands were intermediate between the probands and healthy control subjects. These siblings also displayed an intermediate degree of the inward surface deformation of the anterior and posterior thalamus that was present between schizophrenia probands and controls. There was no main effect of group status on thalamic volume and no significant correlations of the structural measures with measures of psychopathology or cognitive function. Our results indicate that thalamic shape abnormalities are present in relatively young individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings. Inward deformation of the anterior and posterior regions of the thalamus represents a potential neuroanatomical endophenotype of schizophrenia.

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“…Several in vivo imaging and postmortem studies have failed to find abnormalities in thalamic volume or neuronal number in schizophrenic subjects (Portas et al, 1998;Arciniegas et al, 1999;Deicken et al, 2002;Cullen et al, 2003;Dorph-Petersen et al, 2004;Preuss et al, 2005). Moreover, recent neuroimaging analyses of the hippocampus (Csernansky et al, 2002) and thalamus (Csernansky et al, 2004) in the same cohort of schizophrenic subjects has indicated that pathology of one or the other structure may be more pronounced in different individuals (Csernansky, personal communication).…”

Section: Comparable Cell Number In Schizophrenic and Control Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus in normal and schizophrenic subjects

Selemon

Begovic

2007

Psychiatry Research

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Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with dysfunction of the magnocellular pathway, i.e. the visual relay from peripheral retinal cells to the two ventrally located magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The present study was undertaken to determine whether abnormalities in cell number and volume of the LGN are associated with schizophrenia and whether the structural alterations are restricted to either the magnocellular or parvocellular subdivisions of the LGN. Series of Nissl-stained sections spanning the LGN were obtained from 15 schizophrenic and 15 normal control subjects. The optical disector/ fractionator sampling method was used to estimate total neuronal number, total glial number and volume of the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the LGN. Cell number and volume of the LGN in schizophrenic subjects were not abnormal. Volume of both parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the LGN decreased with age. These findings do not support the hypothesis that early visual processing deficits are due to reduction of neuronal number in the LGN.

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Hippocampal Deformities in Schizophrenia Characterized by High Dimensional Brain Mapping

Abstract: Schizophrenia is associated with structural deformities of the hippocampus, which suggest a disturbance of the connections between the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. However, the magnitude of these deformities are not related to severity or duration of illness.

Cited by 205 publications

References 49 publications

Alteration to hippocampal shape in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia

Alteration to hippocampal shape in cannabis users with and without schizophrenia

Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings

Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus in normal and schizophrenic subjects

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