Hippocampal and amygdaloid involvement in working memory for nonspatial stimuli.

Raffaele, Kathleen C.; Olton, David S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.102.3.349

Cited by 146 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…Rats with hippocampal lesions have substantial and enduring deficits in some nonspatial working memory tasks (Jagielo, Nonneman, Isaac, & Jackson-Smith, 1990;Olton & Feustle, 1981;Raffaele & Olton, 1988) but not in all (Aggleton, Blindt, & Rawlins, 1989;Aggleton et al, 1986;Mumby, Wood, & Pinel, 1992;Rothblat & Kromer, 1991;Shaw & Aggleton, 1993). We have previously reported that the critical factors determining whether or not these lesions affect object matching or noumatching to sample are the size complexity, and repetitious use of the stimuli (Cassaday & Rawlins, 1995;Rawlins et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not specifically investigate delay dependence because we continue to observe a robust effect of hippocampal lesions on DNMS with large boxes when testing with the minimum delay required to switch box positions (cf. Raffaele & Olton, 1988). The fact that deficits in conventional tests of spatial memory are not typically delay dependent either (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This apparatus was developed from that used by Raffaele and Olton (1988) for use in the Rawlins et al (1993) study. It was constructed of sheet aluminum alloy, comprising a start area that expanded into two goal areas.…”

Section: Apparatus and Maze Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large empty goal boxes were modeled after those of Raffaele and Olton (1988) for use in preoperative training (and Experiments Figure I. The box types used in Experiments 2 and 3.…”

Section: Large Black or White Empty Goal Boxes (Large-b/w-empty)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest of these studies used a discrete-trial delayed matching to sample (DMS) design, with small goal boxes containing complex objects (Aggleton, 1985) or larger and plainer goal boxes that differed mainly in their surfaces' paint finish and texture (Raffaele & Olton, 1988). The results showed that a lesion-induced impairment was present only (a) when the small complex stimuli were used repeatedly within sessions, rather than in a pseudo-trial-unique (PTU) design, and (b) that this impairment was greatest when the stimuli that were used repeatedly were the large, plain ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The hippocampus, objects, and their contexts.

Cassaday¹,

Rawlins²

1997

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Rats with hippocampal aspiration lesions and controls were trained on delayed nonmatching to sample with small complex goal boxes, presented trial uniquely. A series of experiments then used pairs of large or small boxes, presented repeatedly. The lesions impaired choice accuracy when the rats were tested with large empty boxes but not when small boxes containing 3-dimensional objects were used. There was a comparable impairment when the rats were tested with pairs of large complex boxes, which contained arrays of objects, identical to those used in the smaller boxes but necessarily spaced further apart. Subsequent experiments revealed that the lesion deficit with large boxes was reduced by insertion of a continuous line of distinctive objects and eliminated by trial-unique presentation of large boxes. The results are discussed in terms of (non) spatial accounts of hippocampal function and the compensatory effects of novel object cues. We conclude that, for hippocampal rats, spatial cues, although useless, can nonetheless be profoundly disruptive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatus and Maze Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large empty goal boxes were modeled after those of Raffaele and Olton (1988) for use in preoperative training (and Experiments Figure I. The box types used in Experiments 2 and 3.…”

Section: Large Black or White Empty Goal Boxes (Large-b/w-empty)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hippocampus, objects, and their contexts.

Cassaday¹,

Rawlins²

1997

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Hippocampectomy disrupts auditory trace fear conditioning and contextual fear conditioning in the rat

et al. 1999

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The hippocampus is believed to be an important structure for learning tasks that require temporal processing of information. The trace classical conditioning paradigm requires temporal processing because the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) are temporally separated by an empty trace interval. The present study sought to determine whether the hippocampus was necessary for rats to perform a classical trace fear conditioning task in which each of 10 trials consisted of an auditory tone CS (15‐s duration) followed by an empty 30‐s trace interval and then a fear‐producing floor‐shock US (0.5‐s duration). Several weeks prior to training, animals were anesthetized and given aspiration lesions of the neocortex (NEO; n = 6), hippocampus and overlying neocortex (HIPP; n = 7), or no lesions at all (control; n = 6). Approximately 24 h after trace conditioning, NEO and control animals showed a significant decrease in movement to a CS‐alone presentation that was indicative of a conditioned fear response. Animals in the HIPP group did not show conditioned fear responses to the CS alone, nor did a pseudoconditioning group (n = 7) that was trained with unpaired CSs and USs. Furthermore, all groups except the HIPP group showed conditioned fear responses to the original context in which they received shock USs. One week later, HIPP, NEO, and control animals received delay fear‐conditioning trials with no trace interval separating the CS and US. Six of seven HIPP animals could perform the delay version, but none could perform the trace version. This result suggests that the trace fear task is a reliable and useful model for examining the neural mechanisms of hippocampally dependent learning. Hippocampus 1998;8:638–646. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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