Hippoboscid-transmitted Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida) infect Galapagos Pelecaniform birds: Evidence from molecular and morphological studies, with a description of Haemoproteus iwa

Levin, Iris I.; Valkiūnas, Gediminas; Santiago‐Alarcon, Diego; Cruz, Larisa Lee; Iezhova, Tatjana A.; O’Brien, Sarah L.; Hailer, Frank; Dearborn, Don; Schreiber, E. A.; Fleischer, Robert C.; Ricklefs, Robert E.; Parker, Patricia G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.03.014

Cited by 66 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is known that island hosts tend to be more susceptible to pathogens compared to mainland hosts due to lower exposure to pathogens (Levin et al 2011 andrefs within Valkiunas 2005). In addition, the prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites has been shown to increase in other bird species when stressed (Quillfeldt et al 2010).…”

Section: Pcr Results and Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

Cannell¹,

Krasnec²,

Campbell³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. were observed in all ten dead penguins. This is the first study to demonstrate both the in situ presence of the Haemoproteus parasite in any member of the Sphensicidae family and mortality due to its presence. We postulate the involvement of anomalous environmental conditions in a potential increase in local vectors.

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Section: Pcr Results and Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

Cannell¹,

Krasnec²,

Campbell³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…4) confirms results of our experiments. In other words, vector studies and phylogenetic analysis based on cyt b gene complement each other [5, 16, 51, this study], indicating that the genetic differences in cyt b gene between Parahaemoproteus and Haemoproteus parasites likely reflect differences in their sporogonic stages. Mainly, species of the subgenus Parahaemoproteus are characterised by small oocysts (<20 μm in diameter) that possess one germinative centre, a relatively small number of sporozoites in mature oocysts (<100), sporozoites that are usually pointed at both ends, transmitted by biting midges belonging to the Ceratopogonidae, and some other features [5, 13, 52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera) transmit Haemoproteus parasites of owls: evidence from sporogony and molecular phylogeny

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHaemoproteus parasites are widespread, and several species cause diseases both in birds and blood-sucking insects. These pathogens are transmitted by dipterans belonging to the Ceratopogonidae and Hippoboscidae, however certain vector species remain unknown for the majority of Haemoproteus spp. Owls are often infected by Haemoproteus parasites, but experimental studies on vectors of these infections are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate sporogonic development of two widespread Haemoproteus parasites of owls, H. noctuae and H. syrnii in experimentally infected biting midges Culicoides impunctatus and Culicoides nubeculosus. We also followed in vitro sporogonic development of these infections and determined their phylogenetic relationships with Haemoproteus spp., for which vectors have been identified.MethodsWild-caught C. impunctatus and laboratory reared C. nubeculosus were infected experimentally by allowing them to take blood meals on one individual long-eared owl (Asio otus) and one tawny owl (Strix aluco) harbouring mature gametocytes of H. noctuae (lineage hCIRCUM01) and H. syrnii (hCULCIB01), respectively. The engorged insects were maintained in the laboratory at 16–18 °C, and dissected at intervals in order to follow the development of ookinetes, oocysts and sporozoites. We also observed in vitro development of sexual stages of both parasites by exposure of infected blood to air. The parasite lineages were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Bayesian phylogeny was constructed in order to determine the relationships of owl parasites with other avian Haemoproteus spp., for which vectors have been identified.ResultsBoth H. noctuae and H. syrnii completed sporogony in C. nubeculosus, and H. noctuae completed sporogony in C. impunctatus. Ookinetes, oocysts and sporozoites of these parasites were reported and described. Gametes and ookinetes of both species readily developed in vitro. In accordance with sporogony data, the phylogenetic analysis placed both parasite lineages in a clade of Culicoides spp.-transmitted avian Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) spp.ConclusionsCulicoides nubeculosus and C. impunctatus are vectors of H. noctuae and H. syrnii. Phylogenies based on cytochrome b gene indicate parasite-vector relationships, and we recommend using them in predicting possible parasite-vector relationships and planning research on avian Haemoproteus spp. vectors in wildlife.

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“…Parasite phylogenies were obtained in previous studies [23-25]. Here we used pruned versions of those phylogenetic trees for cospeciation analyses; consensus phylograms were calculated using unique haplotypes from well-supported clades.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where ecological barriers do not prevent parasites from switching hosts, related parasite lineages can infect distantly related hosts, as in the case of closely related Haemoproteus parasite lineages ( H. multipigmentatus , STG14, NZB9) infecting distantly related sea birds (e.g., Sula granti , Creagus furcatus ) and doves (e.g. Zenaida galapagoensis ), which occur on the same islands [25]. In the absence of such opportunities, resulting from behavioral or geographic host isolation, co-speciation might become more likely [see [55,56] for the case of fish-monogenean systems].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent work in the Galapagos Islands has shown that lineages belonging to the same morphospecies ( H. multipigmentatus ) infect endemic doves [24,28] and sea birds inhabiting the same islands [frigate birds, gulls, brown boobies, [25], indicating host sharing by the flies even though different-sized hippoboscid species are associated with these different bird species. Furthermore, hippoboscid flies ( Olfersia spinifera and O. aenescens ) have higher rates of gene flow in comparison the their seabird hosts, which might explain the lack of genetic structure of the Haemoproteus iwa parasite across the Galápagos Islands [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different meal, same flavor: cospeciation and host switching of haemosporidian parasites in some non-passerine birds

Santiago‐Alarcon

Rodríguez-Ferraro

Parker

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) and Plasmodium) infecting passerine birds have an evolutionary history of host switching with little cospeciation, in particular at low taxonomic levels (e.g., below the family level), which is suggested as the main speciation mechanism of this group of parasites. Recent studies have characterized diverse clades of haemosporidian parasites (H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus)) infecting non-passerine birds (e.g., Columbiformes, Pelecaniiformes). Here, we explore the cospeciation history of H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus) parasites with their non-passerine hosts.MethodsWe sequenced the mtDNA cyt b gene of both haemosporidian parasites and their avian non-passerine hosts. We built Bayesian phylogenetic hypotheses and created concensus phylograms that were subsequently used to conduct cospeciation analyses. We used both a global cospeciation test, PACo, and an event-cost algorithm implemented in CoRe-PA.ResultsThe global test suggests that H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus) parasites have a diversification history dominated by cospeciation events particularly at the family level. Host-parasite links from the PACo analysis show that host switching events are common within families (i.e., among genera and among species within genera), and occasionally across different orders (e.g., Columbiformes to Pelecaniiformes). Event-cost analyses show that haemosporidian coevolutionary history is dominated by host switching and some codivergence, but with duplication events also present. Genetic lineages unique to raptor species (e.g., FALC11) commonly switch between Falconiformes and Strigiformes.ConclusionsOur results corroborate previous findings that have detected a global cospeciation signal at the family taxonomic level, and they also support a history of frequent switching closer to the tips of the host phylogeny, which seems to be the main diversification mechanism of haemosporidians. Such dynamic host-parasite associations are relevant to the epidemiology of emerging diseases because low parasite host specificity is a prerequisite for the emergence of novel diseases. The evidence on host distributions suggests that haemosporidian parasites have the potential to rapidly develop novel host-associations. This pattern has also been recorded in fish-monogenean interactions, suggesting a general diversification mechanism for parasites when host choice is not restricted by ecological barriers.

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Hippoboscid-transmitted Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida) infect Galapagos Pelecaniform birds: Evidence from molecular and morphological studies, with a description of Haemoproteus iwa

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera) transmit Haemoproteus parasites of owls: evidence from sporogony and molecular phylogeny

Different meal, same flavor: cospeciation and host switching of haemosporidian parasites in some non-passerine birds

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