Hip Abductors and Lumbar Lateral Flexors act as Energy Generators in Running Single-leg Jumps

Sado, Natsuki; Yoshioka, Shinsuke; Fukashiro, Senshi

doi:10.1055/a-0749-8846

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…With regard to the correlations of the Bosco test, it was observed that the performance on this test correlated moderately-to-largely with torso lateral flexors muscle endurance. This observation was in agreement with research showing that torso lateral flexors had substantial potentials as stabilizers and energy generators during jumps [34] and played an important role in single-leg jumps independently of vertical or horizontal direction [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Core Stability and Symmetry of Youth Female Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study on Anthropometric and Physiological Correlates

Papadopoulou

Zorzou²,

Drikos

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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The aim of the present study was to examine the variation in core stability and symmetry of youth female volleyball players by age, and its relationship with anthropometric characteristics, the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), and the 30 s Bosco test. Female volleyball players (n = 24, age 13.9 ± 1.9 years, mean ± standard deviation) performed a series of anthropometric, core stability tests (isometric muscle endurance of torso flexors, extensors, and right and left lateral bridge), WAnT (peak power, mean power, Pmean, and fatigue index, FI) and Bosco test (Pmean). Flexors-to-extensors ratio and right-to-left lateral bridge ratio were also calculated. Participants were grouped into younger (n = 12, 12.3 ± 1.2 years) or older than 14 years (n = 12, 15.4 ± 1.0 years), and into normal (flexors-to-extensors ratio < 1; n = 17) or abnormal flexors-to-extensors ratio (≥1; n = 7). The older age group was heavier (+11.3 kg, mean difference; 95% CI, 2.0, 20.6) and with higher body mass index (+2.8 kg m−2; 95% CI, 0.4, 5.1) than the younger age group. The group with abnormal flexors/extensors had larger flexors muscle endurance (+77.4 s; 95% CI, 41.8, 113.0) and higher flexors/extensors ratio (+0.85; 95% CI, 0.61, 1.10) than the normal group. Body fat percentage (BF) correlated moderately-to-largely with flexors (r = −0.44, p = 0.033), extensors (r = −0.51, p = 0.011), and left lateral bridge (r = −0.45, p = 0.027); WAnT Pmean moderately-to-largely with right (r = 0.46, p = 0.027) and left lateral bridge (r = 0.55, p = 0.006); FI moderately-to-largely with right (r = −0.45, p = 0.031) and left lateral bridge (r = −0.67, p < 0.001), and right/left ratio (r = 0.42, p = 0.046); Bosco Pmean correlated moderately-to-largely with right (r = 0.48, p = 0.020) and left lateral bridge (r = 0.67, p = 0.001). A stepwise regression analysis indicated FI and BF as the most frequent predictors of core stability. The findings of the present study suggested that increased core stability was related to decreased BF and increased anaerobic capacity. A potential misbalance between torso flexors and extensors might be attributed to bidirectional variations (either high or low scores) of flexors muscle endurance rather than decreased extensors muscle endurance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Core Stability and Symmetry of Youth Female Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study on Anthropometric and Physiological Correlates

Papadopoulou

Zorzou²,

Drikos

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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“…Debaere et al [8] showed that the rear-leg side of the pelvis was elevated during a single stance phase (i.e., from rear-leg toe-off to front-leg toe-off) in block starts. The large hip and lumbopelvic frontal torque exertions have been confirmed in various single-leg stance movements [14][15][16][17][18]. Thus, the lumbosacral lateral flexors and hip abductors may also be important energy generators during a single stance phase of the block start.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…All participants wore well-fitted clothing and their own running shoes with spikes. Reflective markers that were 20 mm in diameter were secured to each location of the body [16] and on the starting blocks ( Fig 1B). A 14-camera motion capture system (Motion Analysis Corporation, USA) recorded the 3D coordinates of the positions of the reflective markers (sampling rate, 200 Hz).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start

2020

Self Cite

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Previous studies on joint kinetics during track and field block starts have been limited to lower-limb sagittal kinetics; however, we hypothesised that lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors also act as substantial energy generators. The present study aimed to examine the three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics to better understand the generation of mechanical energy during a block start. 3D kinematic and force data during block starts of 10 m maximal sprinting in 12 male sprinters (personal best in a 100 m sprint, 10.78 ± 0.19 s [range, 10.43-11.01 s]) were captured using a motion capture system and force platform. The three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics were calculated. The peak lumbosacral extension torque (3.64 ± 0.39 Nm/kg) was significantly larger than any other lower-limb and lumbosacral torques (<3.0 Nm/kg). It was suggested that large lumbopelvic extension torques are needed during the block start to anchor the pelvis by cancelling out both hip extension torques acting on the pelvis, leading to hip extensor-induced thigh sagittal rotations rather than pelvic posterior tilt. During the double-stance phase, the lumbosacral extensors generated mechanical energy (0.35 ± 0.16 J/kg, 14 ± 4% of the sum of lumbosacral and lower-limb net joint work). During the single-stance phase, the sum of the net mechanical work by lumbosacral lateral flexors and front hip abductors was 0.35 ± 0.14 J/kg, which comprised 9 ± 3% of the sum of the net joint work. The results lead to the speculation of the importance of strengthening not only the leg extensors, but also the lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors for block starts. Further training studies to verify this speculation will improve training strategies for the track and field block start performance.

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“…In addition, the plantar-flexors increased the mechanical energy and subsequently the COM velocity during the concentric phase. Therefore, the ankle dorsi-flexors act as an energy absorber in the eccentric phase, whereas the plantar-flexors act as an energy generator in the concentric phase that increases the vertical COM velocity throughout the takeoff phase [6]. The ankle joint is important in transmitting the force generated through the joints and other body parts to the ground [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, such as being able to jump higher, faster, and farther, to break through the hostile or increase offensive opportunity in different circumstances. The ability of energy conversion from the horizontal-to-vertical explains the RSJ skill feature because the major joint power and work were generated by lower extremity [6]. Some studies reported horizontal kinetic energy of the center of mass (CoM) decreases to transformation a higher vertical kinetic energy and potential energy during the long jump and high jump touchdown phase [7,8] and the takeoff leg is main conversion pivoting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Characteristics of Single Leg Jump in Collegiate Basketball Players Based on Approach Technique

et al. 2019

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Our study investigated the characteristics of the biomechanics of lower extremities during running single leg jump (RSJ) in collegiate basketball players. Twelve division III male basketball players voluntarily participated in this study. They performed three trials of the running single leg jump with two approach speeds (fast and preferred) randomly. The kinematic data were collected by motion analysis system (200 Hz), and kinetic data were collected using the AMTI force platform (1000 Hz), and electromyography (EMG) data were recorded by the Delsys surface Electromyography (EMG) system (2000 Hz). Kinematic, kinetic and EMG signal were synchronized using EvaRT 4.6. Peak Ground reaction force, eccentric loading rate (ELR), gastrocnemius (GA) of pre-activation phase, and tibialis anterior (TA) of push-off phase were found significantly larger in the fast approach speed (p < 0.05). RSJ improves muscle activation level and stretch reflex. Higher activation of TA and GA during RSJ may have the benefit of decreasing risk of injury and jump training. Thus, it is helpful in muscle stretch adaptation.

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Hip Abductors and Lumbar Lateral Flexors act as Energy Generators in Running Single-leg Jumps

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Core Stability and Symmetry of Youth Female Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study on Anthropometric and Physiological Correlates

Core Stability and Symmetry of Youth Female Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study on Anthropometric and Physiological Correlates

Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start

Biomechanical Characteristics of Single Leg Jump in Collegiate Basketball Players Based on Approach Technique

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