Hindsight Bias Across the Life Span

Bayen, Ute J.; Pohl, Rüdiger; Erdfelder, Edgar; Auer, Tina-Sarah

doi:10.1521/soco.2007.25.1.83

Cited by 32 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…One explanation for increased HB in older adults is that declines in episodic memory and executive functioning may influence susceptibility to outcome knowledge when making hindsight judgments (e.g., Bayen, Pohl, Erdfelder, & Auer, 2007;Coolin et al, 2014). Indeed, we previously found that older adults' susceptibility to HB was partly due to age-related declines in episodic memory and inhibition (Coolin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Chapter 1 General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Cognitive abilities that have been implicated in age differences in HB include inhibition of irrelevant information, episodic memory, and working memory (e.g., Bayen et al, 2006Bayen et al, , 2007Coolin et al, 2014;Groβ & Bayen, 2014). We have previously reported that inhibition and episodic memory partially mediated age-related increases in HB in a sample of older and younger adults (Coolin et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Role Of Cognitive Functioning In Hbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each inhibitory function is less efficient in older compared to younger adults, and lower inhibitory functioning is associated with difficulty in other areas of cognitive functioning (e.g., episodic memory, processing speed, attention; Lustig et al, 2007). Researchers have suggested that several inhibitory functions may be involved in the memory judgment HB task (see Bayen et al, 2006Bayen et al, , 2007. For example, access inhibition may be required to control access of irrelevant CJ information from entering working memory and interfering with recall of task-relevant OJ information.…”

Section: The Role Of Cognitive Functioning In Hbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the proposed model (referred to as the logistic HB13 model) we examined whether heterogeneity in recollection ability and reconstruction bias in older and younger adults can be accounted for by various cognitive abilities previously implicated in HB (e.g., Bayen et al, 2006Bayen et al, , 2007Coolin et al, 2014;Erdfelder et al, 2007). By observing individual bias parameters, we examined the relationship between the parameters and cognitive abilities using appropriate regression models.…”

Section: Hypotheses and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While researchers have demonstrated a link between cognitive abilities and overall HB (e.g., Bayen et al, 2006Bayen et al, , 2007Coolin et al, 2014;Groβ & Bayen, 2014), it is less clear which precise cognitive abilities are important in the underlying recollection and reconstruction processes. Thus the objectives of this dissertation are threefold: (1) to identify the cognitive traits associated with the underlying recollection and reconstruction processes in older and younger adults, (2) to experimentally manipulate cognitive load to provide empirical support for the role of cognitive functioning in the underlying HB processes, and (3) to present a novel approach to incorporating heterogeneity in cognitive abilities into the estimation of the core parameters of the multinomial processing tree (MPT) model of HB.…”

Section: Chapter 1 General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explaining individual differences in cognitive processes underlying hindsight bias

et al. 2014

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Outcome knowledge influences recall of earlier predictions of an event. Compared to younger adults, older adults are more susceptible to the two underlying bias processes that contribute to this hindsight bias (HB) phenomenon, recollection bias and reconstruction bias. However, the role of cognitive abilities in these processes remains unclear. In Experiment 1, we extended the multinomial processing tree model for HB by incorporating individual variation in cognitive abilities into parameter estimation in a sample of 60 older (M = 72.50, range = 65 to 87) and 62 younger (M = 20.10, range = 18 to 25) adults. In older adults, our findings revealed that (1) higher episodic memory was associated with higher recollection ability in the absence of outcome knowledge, (2) higher episodic memory, inhibitory control, and working memory capacity were associated with higher recollection ability in the presence of outcome knowledge, and (3) higher inhibitory control was associated with less reconstruction bias. Although the pattern of effects was similar in younger adults, the cognitive covariates did not significantly predict the underlying processes in this age group.In Experiment 2, we collected memory judgment HB data on an additional 80 older adults (M = 71.40, range = 65 to 87) to assess whether a) experimentally increasing inhibition demands via outcome rehearsal during the HB task impacts the underlying HB processes, and b) the effects of this cognitive load manipulation on the underlying HB processes vary with an individuals' inherent cognitive abilities. Our findings revealed that cognitive load increased recollection bias independently of individuals' cognitive abilities. I would like to give a special thank you to Brant for his inspiration and statistical assistance, and his endless love and confidence in me.vi

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Section: Chapter 1 General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: The Role Of Cognitive Functioning In Hbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Cognitive Functioning In Hbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypotheses and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chapter 1 General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explaining individual differences in cognitive processes underlying hindsight bias

et al. 2014

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What Happens to Those Who Exit Jehovah’s Witnesses: An Investigation of the Impact of Shunning

Luther

2022

Pastoral Psychol

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Shunning and ostracism have severe impacts on individuals’ psychological and social well-being. Members of Jehovah’s Witnesses are subject to shunning when they do not comply with the stated doctrine or belief system. To investigate the effects of shunning, interviews with 10 former Jehovah’s Witnesses, ranging in age from 20 to 44 years old, were conducted; six male, six White, one Native American, one Black, and two Latinx. Transcripts were analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis for narrative themes pertaining to their life after exclusion from their former faith using the context of Jehovah’s Witnesses culture. Results suggest shunning has a long-term, detrimental effect on mental health, job possibilities, and life satisfaction. Problems are amplified in female former members due to heavy themes of sexism and patriarchal narratives pervasive in Jehovah’s Witnesses culture. Feelings of loneliness, loss of control, and worthlessness are also common after leaving. The culture of informing on other members inside the Jehovah’s Witnesses also leads to a continued sense of distrust and suspicion long after leaving.

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