Hindgut fermentation in pigs induced by diets with different sources of starch

Suárez-Belloch, J.; Doti, S.; Rodríguez-Romero, N.; Guada, J.A.; Fondevila, M.; Latorre, M. A.

doi:10.5424/sjar/2013113-3958

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Fermentative activity of feces was assessed by in vitro gas production at the end of each period (week 8) as described by Theodorou et al (1994). The incubation solution was adapted from previously defined incubation media (Mould et al, 2005) following the modifications described by Suarez-Belloch et al (2013). Frozen feces from 4 dogs per diet and period were chosen randomly to use as fecal inocula.…”

Section: In Vitro Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary fat to starch content on fecal microbiota composition and activity in dogs1

Schauf

Fuente

Newbold

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Dietary fat is known to modulate the hindgut microbiota in rodents; however, there is no clear evidence on the impact of high-fat diets on canine gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding of diets differing in the amount of ME provided by fat and starch on the composition and activity of canine fecal microbiota. Twelve adult (3 to 7 yr of age) spayed Beagle dogs received a low-fat-high-starch diet (LF-HS; approximately 23%, 42%, and 25% ME provided by fat, starch, and CP, respectively) and a high-fat-low-starch diet (HF-LS; approximately 43%, 22%, and 25% ME provided by fat, starch, and CP, respectively) following a 2-period crossover arrangement. The higher amount of fat in the HF-LS diet was provided by lard, whereas the higher amount of starch in the LF-HS diet was provided primarily by maize and broken rice. Each period lasted 7 wk and included 4 wk for diet adaptation. Dogs were fed to meet their daily energy requirements (set at 480 kJ ME/kg BW0.75). Fecal samples were collected on weeks 5 and 6 of each period for the analysis of bacterial richness, diversity, and composition [by Ion-Torrent next-generation sequencing], bile acids, ammonia, and VFA. Additional fecal samples were collected from four dogs per diet and period to use as inocula for in vitro fermentation using xylan and pectin as substrates. Gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h of incubation. On week 7, blood samples were collected at 0- and 180-min postfeeding for the analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Feeding the HF-LS diet led to a greater (P < 0.05) fecal bile acid concentration compared with the LF-HS diet. Bacterial richness and diversity did not differ between diets (P > 0.10). However, dogs showed a lower relative abundance of Prevotella (P < 0.01), Solobacterium (P < 0.05), and Coprobacillus (P ˂ 0.05) when fed of the HF-LS diet. Fecal ammonia and VFA contents were not affected by diet (P > 0.10). Relative to the LF-HS diet, in vitro fermentation of xylan using feces of dogs fed the HF-LS diet produced less gas at 6 h (P < 0.01) and 9 h (P < 0.05). Blood LPS did not increase at 180-min postfeeding with either diet (P < 0.10). These findings indicate that feeding a HF-LS diet to dogs does not affect bacterial diversity or fermentative end products in feces, but may have a negative impact on Prevotella and xylan fermentation.

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Section: In Vitro Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary fat to starch content on fecal microbiota composition and activity in dogs1

Schauf

Fuente

Newbold

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Feces are highly representative of the microbial activity of digesta from the whole large intestine [ 28 ] and can be used as a source of inoculum instead of intestinal contents for in vitro fermentation techniques [ 29 , 30 ]. The frozen cecal content and feces of pigs [ 31 , 32 ], horses [ 33 ], and rabbits [ 34 ] have successfully been used as inoculum to study hindgut fermentation. Finally, we used 24 h incubation time, which is both convenient in the laboratory and close to the estimated transit time of digesta in the large intestine of pigs fed cereal-based diets [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Increases In Vitro Hindgut Fermentation of Distinct Substrates in Iberian Pigs

Pardo

Mateos

Gaona

et al. 2020

Animals

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Heat stress reduces the feed intake and growth of pigs. We hypothesized that heat stress affects the intestinal fermentation capacity of pigs. Sixteen Iberian pigs (44 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (eight pigs/treatment) for 4 weeks—heat stress (HS; 30 °C) ad libitum or thermoneutral (TN; 20 °C) pair feeding. Frozen rectum contents were used as inocula for 24 h in vitro incubations in which a mixture of starches, citrus pectin, inulin from chicory, and cellulose were the substrates. Cellulose was poorly degraded, whereas pectin and the mixture of starches were the most fermentable substrates according to total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The mixture of starches and inulin produced the greatest amount of gas. For all substrates, heat stress enhanced gas production (8%, p = 0.001), total SCFA production (16%, p = 0.001), and the production of acetate and propionate (12% and 42%, respectively; p = 0.001). The increased isoacid production (33%, p = 0.001) and ammonia concentration (12%, p = 0.001) may indicate protein fermentation under heat stress. In conclusion, the in vitro intestinal fermentation capacity of pigs under heat stress was increased compared to thermoneutral conditions, which may indicate an adaptive response to heat stress.

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“…coli , profited and filled part of the niche that opened from the decrease in the Lactobacillus group. Current primer sets covered bacterial genera that were typically promoted by RS type 2 and 3 feeding in pigs (e.g., Bifidobacterium , Blautia , Parabacteroides , Faecalibacterium , Ruminococcus , Eubacterium or Roseburia [12, 13, 40–42], as well as those previously seen to respond to the EMS in the cecal microbiome [7]. However, other than the Lactobacillus group and Enterobacteriaceae , none of the studied bacterial groups responded to the EMS, demonstrating that other, non-covered genera adopted the opened niche in the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatically Modified Starch Favorably Modulated Intestinal Transit Time and Hindgut Fermentation in Growing Pigs

Newman¹,

Zebeli²,

Velde³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Aside from being used as stabilizing agents in many processed foods, chemically modified starches may act as functional dietary ingredients. Therefore, development of chemically modified starches that are less digestible in the upper intestinal segments and promote fermentation in the hindgut receives considerable attention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an enzymatically modified starch (EMS) on nutrient flow, passage rate, and bacterial activity at ileal and post-ileal level. Eight ileal-cannulated growing pigs were fed 2 diets containing 72% purified starch (EMS or waxy cornstarch as control) in a cross-over design for 10 d, followed by a 4-d collection of feces and 2-d collection of ileal digesta. On d 17, solid and liquid phase markers were added to the diet to determine ileal digesta flow for 8 h after feeding. Reduced small intestinal digestion after the consumption of the EMS diet was indicated by a 10%-increase in ileal flow and fecal excretion of dry matter and energy compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Moreover, EMS feeding reduced ileal transit time of both liquid and solid fractions compared to the control diet (P<0.05). The greater substrate flow to the large intestine with the EMS diet increased the concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in feces (P<0.05). Total bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance was not affected by diet, whereas the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus group decreased (P<0.01) by 50% and of Enterobacteriaceae tended (P<0.1) to increase by 20% in ileal digesta with the EMS diet compared to the control diet. In conclusion, EMS appears to resemble a slowly digestible starch by reducing intestinal transit and increasing SCFA in the distal large intestine.

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Hindgut fermentation in pigs induced by diets with different sources of starch

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of dietary fat to starch content on fecal microbiota composition and activity in dogs1

Effect of dietary fat to starch content on fecal microbiota composition and activity in dogs1

Heat Stress Increases In Vitro Hindgut Fermentation of Distinct Substrates in Iberian Pigs

Enzymatically Modified Starch Favorably Modulated Intestinal Transit Time and Hindgut Fermentation in Growing Pigs

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