Hilly environment and physical activity among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Abe, Takafumi; Okuyama, Kenta; Hamano, Tsuyoshi; Takeda, Mitsunobu; Isomura, Minoru; Nabika, Toru

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033338

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In Okinoshima town, where fishing is the main industry, the residents who lived in hilly areas had higher risk of physical inactivity. This result is inconsistent with a previous cross-sectional study that found that living in a hilly neighborhood was positively associated with PA among older Japanese adults [26]. The positive association between hilliness and PA was hypothesized to be due to beautiful scenery in a hilly environment encouraging older people to conduct recreational PA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Hilliness, bus stop density, intersection density, residential density, and distance to a community center were measured by geographic information systems (GIS). Land slope was used to assess the hilliness of the neighborhood, which has been reported to be associated with PA, weight change, and diabetes among older adults [26][27][28][29]. Bus stop density, intersection density, and residential density have also been reported to be associated with PA and health among older adults [15,16].…”

Section: Exposure Variables: Neighborhood Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood Environmental Factors and Physical Activity Status among Rural Older Adults in Japan

Okuyama

Abe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Although several neighborhood environmental factors have been identified to be associated with older adults’ physical activity, little research has been done in rural areas where the population is aging. This study aimed to investigate neighborhood environmental factors and the longitudinal change of physical activity status among rural older adults in Japan. (2) Methods: The study included 2211 older adults, aged over 60 years, residing in three municipalities in Shimane prefecture and participating at least twice in annual health checkups between 2010 and 2019. Physical activity was identified based on self-report. Hilliness, bus stop density, intersection density, residential density, and distance to a community center were calculated for each subject. Hazard ratios for the incidence of physical inactivity were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. (3) Results: We found that 994 (45%) of the study subjects became physically inactive during the follow-up. Those living far from a community center had a lower risk of becoming physically inactive compared to those living close to a community center. When the analysis was stratified by residential municipality, this association remained in Ohnan town. Those living in hilly areas had a higher risk of becoming physically inactive in Okinoshima town. (4) Conclusions: The impact of neighborhood environmental factors on older adults’ physical activity status might differ by region possibly due to different terrain and local lifestyles.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Exposure Variables: Neighborhood Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Environmental Factors and Physical Activity Status among Rural Older Adults in Japan

Okuyama

Abe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…This longitudinal four-year follow-up study was conducted using data collected as part of the Shimane CoHRE Study in Shimane Prefecture. It targeted lifestyle-related diseases through the collection of data concerning medical history, lifestyle, and cognitive function during annual municipal health examinations [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Design Setting and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Affecting Cognitive Function among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study

Motohiro

Abe

Okuyama

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Although neighborhood environmental factors have been found to be associated with cognitive decline, few longitudinal studies have focused on their effect on older adults living in rural areas. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the role of neighborhood environmental factors in cognitive decline among rural older adults. The data of 485 older adults aged ≥60 years who were living in Unnan City in Japan and had participated in two surveys conducted between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version 2. Elevation, hilliness, residential density, and proximity to a community center were determined using geographic information system. We applied a generalized estimating equation with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cognitive decline in the quartiles of neighborhood environmental factors. A total of 56 (11.6%) participants demonstrated a decrease in cognitive function at follow up. Elevation (adjusted OR 2.58, 95% CI (1.39, 4.77) for Q4 vs. Q1) and hilliness (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.03, 3.63) for Q4 vs. Q1) were associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive decline. The second quartiles of residential density showed significantly lower likelihoods of cognitive decline compared with the first quartiles (adjusted OR 0.36, 95% CI (0.19, 0.71) for Q2 vs. Q1). Thus, an elevated hilly environment and residential density predicted cognitive decline among rural older adults.

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“…Land slope was used to assess the hilliness of the neighborhood. Hilly neighborhoods have been reported to be associated with both higher and lower physical activity and weight gain in older adults [28][29][30]. The mean land slope was computed based on the Elevation and degree of Slope 5th Mesh Data obtained from the National Land Numerical Information (NLNI), which is publicly available GIS data administered by the National Land Information Division, National Spatial Planning, and Regional Policy Bureau of Japan.…”

Section: Exposure Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood environment and muscle mass and function among rural older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Background Sarcopenia, resulting from loss of muscle mass and function, is highly prevalent in the ageing societies and is associated with risk of falls, frailty, loss of independence, and mortality. It is important to identify environmental risk factors, so that evidence-based interventions to prevent sarcopenia can be implemented at the population level. This study aimed to examine the potential effect of several objectively measured neighborhood environmental factors on longitudinal change of muscle mass and function among older adults living in rural Japanese towns where the population is ageing. Methods This study was based on data from the Shimane CoHRE Study conducted by the Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) at Shimane University in 3 rural towns in the Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Subjects older than 60 years, who participated in an annual health examination in 2016 and any follow-up years until 2019, i.e., 4 possible time points in total, were included (n = 2526). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and grip strength were assessed objectively for each year as a measure of muscle mass and function, respectively. Neighborhood environmental factors, i.e., hilliness, bus stop density, intersection density, residential density, and distance to a community center were measured by geographic information systems (GIS). Linear mixed models were applied to examine the potential effect of each neighborhood environmental factor on the change of SMI and grip strength over time. Results Males living far from community centers had a less pronounced decline in SMI compared to those living close to community centers. Females living in areas with higher residential density had a less pronounced decline in grip strength compared to those living in areas with lower residential density. Conclusions Neighborhood environmental factors had limited effects on change of SMI and grip strength among rural older adults within the 3 years follow up. Further long-term follow up studies are necessary by also taking into account other modifiable neighborhood environmental factors.

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Hilly environment and physical activity among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Neighborhood Environmental Factors and Physical Activity Status among Rural Older Adults in Japan

Neighborhood Environmental Factors and Physical Activity Status among Rural Older Adults in Japan

Environmental Factors Affecting Cognitive Function among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study

Neighborhood environment and muscle mass and function among rural older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

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