2004
DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00073-x
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Highwire Regulates Presynaptic BMP Signaling Essential for Synaptic Growth

Abstract: Highwire (Hiw), a putative RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in Drosophila. hiw mutants have dramatically larger synaptic size and increased numbers of synaptic boutons. Here we show that Hiw binds to the Smad protein Medea (Med). Med is part of a presynaptic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade consisting of three receptor subunits, Wit, Tkv, and Sax, in addition to the Smad transcription factor Mad. When compared to wild-ty… Show more

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Cited by 212 publications
(264 citation statements)
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References 69 publications
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“…Chimeric receptors containing elements from both Wit and Sax were nonfunctional. Similar results have recently been obtained at the NMJ by McCabe et al (2004) that serve to underline the fact that although Sax is seemingly required for correct NMJ development, it is not sufficient to transmit the Wit signal. In the absence of sax, NMJs exhibit reductions in both synaptic size and neurotransmission, a phenotype that is, somewhat perplexingly, recapitulated by pan-neuronal expression of DNtkv but not by DNsax (Rawson et al, 2003;McCabe et al, 2004).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
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“…Chimeric receptors containing elements from both Wit and Sax were nonfunctional. Similar results have recently been obtained at the NMJ by McCabe et al (2004) that serve to underline the fact that although Sax is seemingly required for correct NMJ development, it is not sufficient to transmit the Wit signal. In the absence of sax, NMJs exhibit reductions in both synaptic size and neurotransmission, a phenotype that is, somewhat perplexingly, recapitulated by pan-neuronal expression of DNtkv but not by DNsax (Rawson et al, 2003;McCabe et al, 2004).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Similar results have recently been obtained at the NMJ by McCabe et al (2004) that serve to underline the fact that although Sax is seemingly required for correct NMJ development, it is not sufficient to transmit the Wit signal. In the absence of sax, NMJs exhibit reductions in both synaptic size and neurotransmission, a phenotype that is, somewhat perplexingly, recapitulated by pan-neuronal expression of DNtkv but not by DNsax (Rawson et al, 2003;McCabe et al, 2004). Thus, although there are details that remain to be clarified, clearly BMP signaling at the Moreover, postsynaptic expression of rut, which is normally sufficient to significantly increase evoked synaptic currents in aCC/RP2 (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
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“…In addition, wild type Smad4 can be mono-ubiquitinated by yet unidentified E3 ligases or sumoylated by Ubc9 and PIAS family E3 ligases (19 -26). In Drosophila, the E3 ligase Highwire down-regulates the Co-Smad, Medea (27). Both mono-ubiquitination and sumoylation of Smad4 lead to stabilization of the protein and enhanced TGF-␤ signaling.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several membrane or secretory proteins and their receptors are candidate molecules that might contribute to the formation of specific synapses (Wells et al, 1999;Tao and Poo, 2001;Lee et al, 2003;Blagburn and Bacon, 2004;Graf et al, 2004;McCabe et al, 2004;Shen et al, 2004;Boucard et al, 2005: Chih et al, 2005Christopherson et al, 2005;Sara et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2007). However, the orchestration of the signaling mechanisms mediating target selection, branching, synapse formation, and maintenance is not well understood.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%