Highway to hell‐thy meiotic divisions: Chromosome passenger complex functions driven by microtubules

McKim, Kim S.

doi:10.1002/bies.202100202

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Note that in Figure 6, the space in the overlap region between astral and anastral microtubules is not filled in with any symbols for motors or accessory proteins because the identity of the molecular elements in that region is not known. In real life, the structural organization of the overlap region is expected to be complex (McKim, 2022). The list of proteins in that region is expected to be quite long.…”

Section: Extension Of Microtubules Into Anastral Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding of antiparallel microtubules drives bipolarization of monoastral spindles

LaFountain Jr,

Seaman,

Cohan

et al. 2023

Cytoskeleton

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Time‐lapse imaging with liquid crystal polarized light (LC‐PolScope) and fluorescent speckle microscopy (FSM) enabled this study of spindle microtubules in monoastral spindles that were produced in crane‐fly spermatocytes through flattening‐induced centrosome displacement. Monoastral spindles are found in several other contexts: after laser ablation of one of a cell's two centrosomes (in the work of Khodjakov et al.), in Drosophila “urchin” mutants (in the works of Heck et al. and of Wilson et al.), in Sciara males (in the works of Fuge and of Metz), and in RNAi variants of Drosophila S2 cells (in the work of Goshima et al.). In all cases, just one pole has a centrosome (the astral pole); the other lacks a centrosome (the anastral pole). Thus, the question: How is the anastral half‐spindle, lacking a centrosome, constructed? We learned that monoastral spindles are assembled in two phases: Phase I assembles the astral half‐spindle composed of centrosomal microtubules, and Phase II assembles microtubules of the anastral half through extension of new microtubule polymerization outward from the spindle's equatorial mid‐zone. That process uses plus ends of existing centrosomal microtubules as guiding templates to assemble anastral microtubules of opposite polarity. Anastral microtubules slide outward with their minus ends leading, thereby establishing proper bipolarity just like in normal biastral spindles that have two centrosomes.

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Section: Extension Of Microtubules Into Anastral Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding of antiparallel microtubules drives bipolarization of monoastral spindles

LaFountain Jr,

Seaman,

Cohan

et al. 2023

Cytoskeleton

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interactions between the central spindle and the actin network also appear to be important for bi-orientation [74]. An interesting possibility is that interactions between kinetochores and central spindle-associated CPC are required for the process of error correction [63,75]. Indeed, the presence of a robust central spindle may help to compensate for the absence of centrosomes.…”

Section: Entry Into the Meiotic Divisions (Stage 13-14)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of Drosophila (Female) Meiosis

Fellmeth

McKim

2022

Genes

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Drosophila has been a model system for meiosis since the discovery of nondisjunction. Subsequent studies have determined that crossing over is required for chromosome segregation, and identified proteins required for the pairing of chromosomes, initiating meiotic recombination, producing crossover events, and building a spindle to segregate the chromosomes. With a variety of genetic and cytological tools, Drosophila remains a model organism for the study of meiosis. This review focusses on meiosis in females because in male meiosis, the use of chiasmata to link homologous chromosomes has been replaced by a recombination-independent mechanism. Drosophila oocytes are also a good model for mammalian meiosis because of biological similarities such as long pauses between meiotic stages and the absence of centrosomes during the meiotic divisions.

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A maternally inherited Chromosomal Passenger Complex regulates germ plasm ribonucleoparticle aggregation in Zebrafish

Moravec,

Pelegri

2024

Preprint

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In zebrafish, the formation of primordial germ cells depends on the inheritance of a compartmentalized membrane-less subcellular structure containing a pool of maternally expressed germ plasm ribonucleoparticles (gpRNPs) and proteins. Interactions between cytoskeletal components and gpRNPs are crucial for the movement and collection of gpRNPs into the furrows during the first few cellular division of the early embryo. Previous work has identified motley/ birc5b, a maternally-expressed homolog of a known Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) component, Survivin, as a linker between gpRNPs and microtubules during gpRNP aggregation. However, Survivin can also function independent of the CPC in other cellular contexts. Here we investigated whether a maternally inherited CPC is necessary for gpRNP aggregation. We identified cdca9 as a maternally-expressed duplicated homolog of Borealin, another member of the CPC. Similar to motley, embryos from homozygous cdca9 mutant females exhibit defects in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis, phenotypes associated with mutations in CPC members. Additionally, embryos lacking Cdca9 displayed decreased gpRNP aggregation prior to furrow formation in the early embryo, a phenotype indistinguishable from that observed in motley mutants. As previously shown for Birc5b, Cdca9 and other CPC components INCENP and Aurora B kinase colocalize at the tips of astral microtubules as gpRNPs are transported to the forming furrow. Unexpectedly, Birc5b, but not other CPC components, accumulates within the growing gpRNP aggregate prior to and during furrow formation. The association of Birc5b with germ plasm masses continues during their asymmetric segregation in the cleavage stages, ceasing only when gpRNPs undergo cytoplasmic dispersal during gastrulation. Our studies reveal a role for a non-conventional, maternally-inherited CPC for spindle and furrow formation, and, unexpectedly, gpRNP aggregation during early development. Additionally, we find that Birc5b, but not other CPC proteins, remains a component of zebrafish germ plasm during and after its aggregation.

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Highway to hell‐thy meiotic divisions: Chromosome passenger complex functions driven by microtubules

Cited by 3 publications

References 122 publications

Sliding of antiparallel microtubules drives bipolarization of monoastral spindles

Sliding of antiparallel microtubules drives bipolarization of monoastral spindles

A Brief History of Drosophila (Female) Meiosis

A maternally inherited Chromosomal Passenger Complex regulates germ plasm ribonucleoparticle aggregation in Zebrafish

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