Highly Volatile Constituents of Vetiveria zizanioides Roots Grown under Different Cultivation Conditions

Abstract

Roots of Vetiveria zizanioides Nash (Mae Hae; Thai ecotype) planted in three different cultivation systems (normal soil, normal soil with added microbes and semihydroponically) were extracted using a simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDE) apparatus. Yields of the essential oils obtained were 0.27, 0.18 and 0.06%, respectively. The separation profiles obtained by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and solid phase microextraction (SPME)-GC×GC analyses of the crude essential oils showed a total of 156 and 48 well-resolved components, respectively. The highly volatile fractions isolated from the three essential oils by SPME were subjected to analysis by GC-MS and 42 compounds were identified in total. Volatile component profiles of the oils obtained by normal soil and semi-hydroponic cultivation were similar, whereas a quantitative difference was noted in some major volatiles when the cultivation system containing microbes was utilized.

Volatile constituents of vetiver: a review

“…Therefore, they make a contribution through the metabolization of the terpenoids produced by the roots, and thereby modulate the composition of the essential oils . Several studies have compared the composition of VEO produced from plants grown either in the soil or in sterile conditions, and some differences have been observed . For example, it appears that cleansed roots (without fungi) produce substantial amounts of long‐chain hydrocarbons (C 15 –C 29 ), which reduce the relative percentage of key VEO components .…”

“…Typical yields range between 0.2 and 3% . Easier and cheaper hydroponic cultivation also has been used, but yields of VEO are lower in this case . For a same plant variety, the colour, viscosity and olfactory properties of its essential oil also depend on the cultivation and distillation processes, which often vary from one producer to another.…”

Chemical characterization of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) leaf essential oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry

“…In this technique, the chromatographic fundamentals are similar to conventional GC but with special features and requirements, revised elsewhere (7). There are several papers available in the literature concerning GC × GC applications to the analysis of fragrances, aromas and essential oils (8)(9)(10)(11); however, rosewood essential oil GC × GC separations have been not yet reported. Quadrupole mass spectrometer (qMS) employed as the detection system in GC × GC analysis (GC × GC-qMS) has been a viable alternative to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS).…”

“…Quadrupole mass spectrometer (qMS) employed as the detection system in GC × GC analysis (GC × GC-qMS) has been a viable alternative to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS). The former has much lower cost and ultimate generation rapid-scanning qMS instruments are quite suitable for GC × GC instrumental analysis requirements (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Volatiles emitted from the roots of Vetiveria zizanioides suppress the decline in attention during a visual display terminal task

“…The roots of V. zizanioides ( Fig. 1) contain many volatile compounds; the essential oil, collected by steam distillation of the roots, is a viscous liquid that varies in color from amber to dark brown (4,26), and in general, its odor is described as earthy and woody (2). Because of its excellent fixative properties, V. zizanioides is one of the most important raw materials in perfumery (16,23).…”