Highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids status of Canadian Inuit: International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey, 2007–2008

Zhou, Yuan; Kubow, Stan; Egeland, Grace M.

doi:10.3402/ijch.v70i5.17864

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, higher RBC LC-PUFA among Yu’pik Peoples in Alaska attenuates the positive relationship between obesity and CRP concentrations [35]. Median total % RBC n-3 fatty acids (5.1%; 3.1-7.4%) is higher in this population [36] than observed in a Caucasian population (4.5%; 3.6-6.0%) [37]. However, there was no significant difference between RBC LC-PUFA status among those with elevated body fat compared to those within the normal weight range in this population after controlling for age, smoking status and inflammation (CRP) (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher n3-fatty acid status is associated with lower risk of iron depletion among food insecure Canadian Inuit women

et al. 2013

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BackgroundHigh rates of iron deficiency and anemia are common among Inuit and Arctic women despite a traditional diet based on animal source foods. However, representative data on iron status and relevant determinants for this population are lacking. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of anemia and depletion of iron stores, then to identify correlates of iron status in non-pregnant Canadian Inuit women.MethodsIn a cross-sectional survey of 1550 women in the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey, 2007-2008, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (on a subset), C-reactive protein (CRP), RBC fatty acid composition, and H pylori serology were analyzed on fasting venous blood. Sociodemographic, food security status, anthropometric, dietary, and health data were collected. Correlates of iron status were assessed with multivariate linear and logistic models.ResultsAnemia was observed in 21.7% and iron deficient erythropoiesis in 3.3% of women. For women with CRP ≤ 10 mg/L (n = 1260) 29.4% had depleted iron stores. Inadequate iron intakes were observed in 16% of premenopausal and <1% of postmenopausal women. Among food insecure women, higher long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status, which reflects a more traditional food pattern, was associated with reduced risk of iron depletion.ConclusionsIron depletion and anemia are a concern for Inuit women despite adequate total dietary iron intake primarily from heme sources. The high prevalence of H. pylori exposure, together with dietary iron adequacy, suggests an inflammation-driven iron deficiency and mild anemia. The anti-inflammatory properties of LC-PUFA may be important for iron status in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher n3-fatty acid status is associated with lower risk of iron depletion among food insecure Canadian Inuit women

et al. 2013

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“…In our study, we observed a high n-6:n-3 PUFA, confirming our previous observation on the dietary transition and the lower reliance upon traditional foods (15) . Moreover, Zhou et al suggested that a high DPA:EPA might be a novel indicator of a diet containing a larger proportion of land animals than of both fish and marine mammals (6) . We observed a higher DPA:EPA than the ones reported by Zhou et al in all the communities they surveyed, which would suggest that our participants may have consumed more land animals than fish and marine mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usual dietary fatty acid intakes and red-blood-cell membrane fatty acid composition in Inuit children attending child-care centres in Nunavik, northern Québec, Canada

Blanchet

Lauzière

Gagné

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: To assess dietary fatty acid intakes and to examine the relationship between dietary sources of n-3 and n-6 PUFA and red-blood-cell (RBC) n-3 and n-6 PUFA composition. Design: A cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were assessed with a 24 h dietary recall. A second recall was performed for 44 % of the children. Usual dietary intakes were estimated with the Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (SIDE). The fatty acid composition was measured in RBC membranes. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to explain RBC n-3 and n-6 PUFA concentrations. Setting: Child-care centres in Nunavik, northern Québec, Canada. Subjects: One hundred and sixty-seven Inuit children aged 11-53 months. Results: A high proportion of the participants had inadequate n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes (47?9 % and 93?5 %, respectively). Breast-feeding status and consumption of traditional food during the first 24 h dietary recall were significantly associated with RBC n-3 PUFA levels. Older children also tended to have higher RBC n-3 PUFA levels (P 5 0?0528), whereas sex, infant formula status and n-3 PUFA dietary intakes were not associated with RBC n-3 PUFA concentrations. RBC n-6 PUFA concentrations were positively associated with breast-feeding status and n-6 PUFA dietary intakes, whereas age, sex and infant formula status were not. Conclusions: The present findings highlight the fact that Inuit pre-school children are not consuming enough n-3 and n-6 PUFA for optimum health. These observations call for actions to increase traditional food intake among Inuit children and to help them and their parents make healthier store-bought food choices.

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“…These blood concentrations may be considered more reliable estimates of exposure (in comparison to intake estimates) because they incorporate exposure from nontraditional food sources (e.g., storebought foods, occupational exposure, dental amalgam) and are not contingent on the large uncertainty associated with recalling food consumption from the previous year. Blood was collected into plastic BD vacutainer tubes (Fisher Scientific) coated with K 2 -EDTA for whole blood and RBCs (29,33), and samples were stored at 280°C until analysis. Analyses were performed at the Laboratoire de Toxicolgie of the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec [ISO (International Organization for Standardization) accreditation 17025], which participates in the quality-assurance quality-control programs of the German External Quality Assessment Scheme and the Quebec Multi-element External Quality Assessment Scheme.…”

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Advice on Inuit Traditional Food Use Needs to Balance Benefits and Risks of Mercury, Selenium, and n3 Fatty Acids

Laird

Goncharov

Egeland

et al. 2013

The Journal of Nutrition

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Elevated concentrations of mercury (Hg) are commonly found in the traditional foods, including fish and marine mammals, of Inuit living in Canada's Arctic. As a result, Inuit often have higher dietary Hg intake and elevated Hg blood concentrations. However, these same traditional foods are excellent sources of essential nutrients. The goals of this study were 1) to identify the traditional food sources of Hg exposure for Inuit, 2) to estimate the percentage of Inuit who meet specific nutrient Dietary Reference Intakes and/or exceed the Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs), and 3) to evaluate options that maximize nutrient intake while minimizing contaminant exposure. A participatory cross-sectional survey was designed in consultation with Inuit in 3 Canadian Arctic jurisdictions (Nunatsiavut, Nunavut, and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region). Estimated intakes for EPA (20:5n3) and DHA (22:6n3) met suggested dietary targets, and estimated selenium (Se) intake fell within the Acceptable Range of Oral Intake. Estimated intakes of Hg (rs = 0.41, P < 0.001), Se (rs = 0.44, P < 0.001), EPA (rs = 0.32, P < 0.001), and DHA (rs = 0.28, P < 0.001) were correlated with their respective blood concentrations. Mean estimated Hg intake (7.9 μg · kg(-1) · wk(-1)) exceeded the TRV of 5.0 μg · kg(-1) · wk(-1), with 35% of the population above this guideline. Because the estimated intakes of each of the nutrients were strongly correlated (Se: rs = 0.92, P < 0.001; EPA: rs = 0.82, P < 0.001; DHA: rs = 0.81, P < 0.001) with estimated Hg intake, efforts to decrease Hg exposure must emphasize the overall healthfulness of traditional foods and be designed to prevent concomitant harm to the nutrient intakes of Inuit.

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Highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids status of Canadian Inuit: International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey, 2007–2008

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Higher n3-fatty acid status is associated with lower risk of iron depletion among food insecure Canadian Inuit women

Higher n3-fatty acid status is associated with lower risk of iron depletion among food insecure Canadian Inuit women

Usual dietary fatty acid intakes and red-blood-cell membrane fatty acid composition in Inuit children attending child-care centres in Nunavik, northern Québec, Canada

Dietary Advice on Inuit Traditional Food Use Needs to Balance Benefits and Risks of Mercury, Selenium, and n3 Fatty Acids

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