Highly transparent titania in mixed organic solvent with controlled surface area and porosity

Controllable and facile one-pot synthesis of high surface area amorphous, crystalline, and triphasic TiO2: catalytic and photocatalytic applications

“…34–36 The bands at 1543 cm −1 and 1438 cm −1 correspond to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the metal carboxylate and are seen in all samples except Ti-2 (1 : 25 : 0 : 3, no acid). 37,38 These bands are more pronounced in Ti-4 due to the use of a larger amount of acid (1 : 25 : 1 : 3), in addition, the distance between these two peaks indicates the nature of the interaction of carboxyl groups with titanium. If the difference between the position of the two bands (Δ ) is more than 160 cm −1 , this indicates that the acetate group acts as a bridging ligand and increases the number of cross-links, which ultimately leads to the formation of larger particles.…”

“…Here, however, the Dn is about 105 cm −1 , conrming the formation of a chelating bidentate ligand, which leads to the formation of small and well-dispersed nanoparticles in the early stages of the reaction. 34,37 In the FT-IR spectra, the bands at 2869 and 2973 cm −1 represent aliphatic stretching vibrations of CH 2 , and the bands at 1043-1120 cm −1 correspond to C-O stretching vibrations due to ester formation by the reaction of acetic acid with ethanol. 20,37,38 In samples Ti-6 and Ti-7, the bands corresponding to C-O and CH 2 groups appear to be virtually absent, due to the use of a higher molar ratio of water to alkoxide (25 mol), indicating almost complete hydrolysis of the titanium precursor.…”

“…34,37 In the FT-IR spectra, the bands at 2869 and 2973 cm −1 represent aliphatic stretching vibrations of CH 2 , and the bands at 1043-1120 cm −1 correspond to C-O stretching vibrations due to ester formation by the reaction of acetic acid with ethanol. 20,37,38 In samples Ti-6 and Ti-7, the bands corresponding to C-O and CH 2 groups appear to be virtually absent, due to the use of a higher molar ratio of water to alkoxide (25 mol), indicating almost complete hydrolysis of the titanium precursor. The strong and broad absorption bands around 600 cm −1 and 450-800 cm −1 correspond to Ti-O-Ti and Ti-O stretching vibrations, respectively which are seen in all samples.…”